高原地区儿童缺铁性贫血及相关因素研究  

Epidemiology and relevant factors of iron-deficiency anemia among children in plateau areas

作　　者：岳莉[1] 李佳樾[1] 黄蕾[1] 何莉[1] 易彬[1] 南楠[1] 高杨 陈奕铭[1] YUE Li;LI Jiayue;HUANG Lei;HE Li;YI Bin;NAN Nan;GAO Yang;CHEN Yiming(Gansu Provincial Maternity and Childcare Hospital,Lanzhou(730050),China)

机构地区：[1]甘肃省妇幼保健院

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2019年第11期1697-1699,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：甘肃省卫生行业科研计划项目(GSWSKY2018-14)

摘　　要：目的了解高原地区0~6岁儿童的贫血状况及其影响因素,为制定贫血防治措施提供依据。方法采用分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取高原地区甘南藏族自治州4个县1512名0~6岁儿童测定血红蛋白、问卷调查儿童饮食行为和家长营养知识。结果不同年龄、家庭所在地、主要抚养人文化程度、主要抚养人职业、家庭人均收入儿童贫血患病率差异均有统计学意义(χ^2值分别为12.83,39.48,27.05,44.26,32.45,P值均<0.05)。不同性别、民族儿童贫血患病率差异无统计学意义。0~6岁儿童贫血患病率为67.0%;1岁以下婴幼儿患病率最高,随着年龄增长患病率下降。农村儿童贫血患病率为74.0%,高于城市儿童的58.6%(χ^2=39.48,P<0.05)。混合喂养和人工喂养的0~6月龄婴儿贫血患病率(73.1%,75.0%)高于纯母乳喂养的婴儿(48.9%)(χ^2=6.78,P<0.05)。挑食可导致儿童贫血患病率高发。结论针对高原地区儿童家长开展健康教育,合理调整饮食结构,纠正挑食等不良饮食习惯,可以降低儿童贫血发生率。Objective To investigate the epidemiology of iron-deficiency anemia among children aged 0-6 years in plateau area,and to provide a basis for the formulation of prevention and treatment measures for anemia. Methods A total of 1 512 children aged 0-6 years were randomly selected from 4 counties in plateau area by stratified and cluster sampling. Blood hemoglobin level was tested. Child dietary behaviors were collected from their parents. Results There were significant differences in the prevalence of children with different age, family location, education level of main dependants, occupation of main dependants and per capita income of family(χ^2=12.83,39.48,27.05,44.26,32.45, P<0.05).No significant difference for anemia prevalence in gender and nationality was found. The prevalence of anemia among children aged 0-6 years was 67.0%, and the prevalence was highest among children aged 1 years while decreased with age.Univariate analysis of variance showed that the prevalence anemia was 74.0% in rural children, which was significantly higher than children in urban area 58.6%(χ^2=39.48,P<0.05). Low education and income level of caregiver, husbandry in the family, no exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months, and picky eaters positively associated with high prevalence of anemia. The prevalence rate of anemia in 0-6 months old infants fed with mixed feeding and artificial feeding(73.1%, 75.0%) was higher than that of breast feeding(48.9%)(χ^2=6.78, P<0.05). Picky eating can lead to a high incidence of anemia in children. Conclusion Promoting healthy diets and correcting unhealthy dietary pattern through nutrition education to parents might be effective ways to lower the prevalence of anemia among children in plateau areas.

关 键 词：儿童 学龄前 贫血 缺铁性 健康教育 

分 类 号：R179[医药卫生—妇幼卫生保健] R725.5[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]