冬季高校室内空气微生物体积浓度和粒径分布特征  

Microbial concentration and particle size distribution characteristics of indoor air in colleges and universities in winter

作　　者：于丹 蔡志斌 李冉 王丽娜 YU Dan;CAI Zhibin;LI Ran;WANG Lina(Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing(100044),China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学环境与能源工程学院,北京100044 [2]中国建筑科学研究院有限公司

出　　处：《中国学校卫生》2019年第11期1706-1708,共3页Chinese Journal of School Health

基　　金：国家重点研发计划资助项目(2017YFC0702800);北京建筑大学市属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(X19023)

摘　　要：目的了解高校空气中微生物污染情况,为控制微生物污染和改善室内空气品质提供参考。方法于2018年11月,采用安德森六级采样器对北京市某高校不同功能区、不同时态的空气微生物进行采样并培养。结果在测试期间,不同功能区、不同时态的微生物气溶胶体积浓度差异有统计学意义(F值分别为3.99,7.77,P值均<0.05),卫生间的细菌体积浓度相对较高,平均体积浓度为659 CFU/m^3,校园的真菌体积浓度相对较高,平均体积浓度为660 CFU/m^3;12:00的空气中细菌和真菌体积浓度相对较低,平均体积浓度分别为320和322 CFU/m^3。空气中微生物的粒径分布特征呈现大致相同的规律,微生物体积浓度峰值集中出现在Ⅳ,Ⅴ级(1.1~3.3μm),其中细菌最高体积浓度值为253 CFU/m^3,出现在Ⅴ级;真菌最高体积浓度值为249 CFU/m^3,出现在Ⅳ级。结论高校空气中的微生物体积浓度主要集中在1.1~3.3μm粒径大小。需采取有针对性的综合防治措施来改善空气品质。Objective To understand the microbial pollution of indoor air in colleges and universities, and to provide a reference for controlling microbial pollution and improving indoor air quality. Methods In November 2018, the air microorganisms in different functional areas and at different times were sampled and cultured in a university in Beijing by Anderson’s six-level sampler. Results During the test, there were differences in microbial aerosol concentrations in different functional areas and at different times(F=3.99,7.77, P<0.05), the concentration of bacteria in toilets was relatively high, the average concentration was 659 CFU/m^3 and the concentration of fungi in the campus was relatively high, the average concentration was 660 CFU/m^3;the concentration of bacteria and fungi in the air at 12 o’clock noon was relatively low, the average concentration was 320 CFU/m^3 and 322 CFU/m^3. The particle size distribution of microorganisms in the air presents roughly the same law, and the peak concentration of microbial concentrations occurs at the Ⅳ and Ⅴ levels(1.1-3.3 μm), in which the highest concentration of bacteria(253 CFU/m^3) appears at the Ⅴ level, and the highest concentration of fungi(249 CFU/m^3) appears at the Ⅳ level. Conclusion The microbial concentration in the air of colleges and universities was mainly concentrated in the size of 1.1-3.3 μm, and it was necessary to take targeted comprehensive control measures to effectively improve air quality.

关 键 词：学生 空气污染 室内 公共卫生 空气微生物学 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程] R122[医药卫生—环境卫生学]