初始资源、社会资本对旅游小企业成长的影响研究——以宏村为例  

Research on the Impact of Initial Resources and Social Capital on the Growth of Small Tourism Enterprises: A Case Study of the Hongcun Village

作　　者：郭强口 尹寿兵 刘云霞[1] 鄢方卫 江海林 GUO Qiang;YIN Shoubing;LIU Yunxia;YAN Fangwei;JIANG Hailin(School of Geography and Tourism,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China;Center of Tourism Planning and Research,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu 241000,China;School of Business Administration,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽师范大学地理与旅游学院,安徽芜湖241000 [2]安徽师范大学旅游发展与规划研究中心,安徽芜湖241000 [3]中南财经政法大学工商管理学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《旅游学刊》2019年第12期36-47,共12页Tourism Tribune

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学项目“旅游小企业演化的驱动机制及空间差异研究”（14YJCZH105）;国家自然科学基金青年项目“风景名胜区治理模式演化及多尺度旅游影响研究——以黄山风景区为例”（41301159）共同资助~~

摘　　要：文章以宏村旅游小企业为研究对象,采用深度访谈和非参与观察获取资料,从初始资源和社会资本组合的视角,分析旅游小企业在目的地的成长。研究发现:企业经营场所、财务资金、知识技能和资源继承等初始资源,为旅游小企业成长初期奠定基础;家族网络、社会网络和社会地位等社会资本在旅游小企业持续成长中发挥了重要作用。进一步探究发现,宏村旅游小企业主资源获取有3种途径,一是通过先赋和自致得到小企业成长的初始资源,且自致资源可以弥补先赋资源的不足;二是由本地企业主群体内部的亲属互动、邻里互动和外地企业主群体内部的朋友互动构成的同质互动,可以为企业主提供更多高相似性但价值较低的资源,因此需要增加同质互动的数量来丰富资源获取的数量;三是由本地企业主和外地企业主之间的同行互动、本地二代企业主和外地企业主之间的朋友互动构成的异质互动,可以为企业主提供更多非相似性且价值较高的资源,因而需要增进两个企业主群体之间的互动交流,促使更多异质性资源流动。文章从初始资源和社会资本组合的角度,给予旅游地小企业成长一种合理的解释,以期为地方政府和企业主提供一些建议参考。The present study examines small tourism enterprises located in the Hongcun village,Yixian county,Huangshan city,China.Using in-depth interviews and non-participant observations as data sources,the study analyzes the growth of small tourism enterprises and determines how small tourism enterprises(owners)obtain resources by means of initial resources and social capital.We found that the basis for the early growth of small tourism enterprises depended on the following:personal and family funds being used for making modifications to residential homes;the importance of knowledge and skills of business owners and the initial resources of local business owners through housing inheritance;the direct inheritance of enterprises;and the inheritance of clan relations.We determined that three elements play an important role in the development of small tourism enterprises:social networks formed by parents and their children;family networks formed among relatives,local business owners,and nonlocal business owners;and social capital resources,such as institutional advantages incurred by social status.Following further examination,we identified three ways to enhance the main resources for small tourism enterprises in Hongcun.First,it is necessary to obtain initial resources for enterprise development through inheritance or self-acquired resources.Original resources play a direct role in promoting the growth of small tourism enterprises.However,entrepreneurs can achieve resource selfsufficiency through appropriate education,skill training,and gaining experience in the industry;in that way,they can compensate for shortfalls in initial resources.Second,it is necessary to establish homogenous interactions among relatives involved in local enterprise groups,neighborhood interactions,and interactions among friends working for nonlocal enterprises:such interactions can help provide good value at lower cost for business owners.Accordingly,business owners need to develop good relations in the community and make as many friends as possibl

关 键 词：初始资源 社会资本 旅游小企业 企业成长 宏村 

分 类 号：F59[经济管理—旅游管理]