某市农饮水重金属污染健康风险评价  

Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in rural drinking water in one city

作　　者：安建博[1] 刘佳[1] 沈讷敏[1] 张祎伟 赵桂鹏[1] 邢远[1] AN Jian-bo;LIU Jia;SHEN Ne-min;ZHANG Yi-wei;ZHAO Gui-peng;XING Yuan(Xi’an Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Xi'an,Shaanxi 710054,China)

机构地区：[1]西安市疾病预防控制中心

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2019年第24期4510-4513,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

基　　金：陕西省社会发展科技攻关项目（陕西省科技厅，2015SF288）;西安市卫生局科研项目（No.J2014043）

摘　　要：目的调查某市农饮水重金属污染情况,评价农饮水中有害元素的健康风险,从环境健康风险角度提出安全管理措施,为农饮水改造提供科学依据。方法采集2016、2017年某市农饮水改造工程水样,检测重金属元素:汞、六价铬、镉、砷、铅、硒、锰的含量,应用美国环境保护局(US EPA)推荐的健康风险模型,计算、分析、评价农饮水中有害元素的健康风险。结果3种致癌金属的风险值从高到低为Cr^6+>As>Cd,致癌总风险值95%置信区间1.26E-04~1.88E-04 a-1,主要是Cr^6+、As引起的健康风险;4种非致癌金属的风险值从高到低为Se>Mn>Hg>Pb,非致癌总风险值95%置信区间2.34E-10~4.20E-10^a-1,对个体的健康风险效应很小。结论通过健康风险评价确定Cr^6+、As是某市农饮水监测的重点。为确保该地农饮水的安全,应加强水源管理,有条件的可以进行水质净化处理,健康风险特别高的地方建议改换水源。Objective To investigate the heavy metal pollution in rural drinking water in one city,evaluate the health risk of harmful elements in rural drinking water,puts forward safety management measures from the perspective of environmental health risk,and to provide scientific basis for rural drinking water improvement project.Methods The contents of heavy metals,such as mercury,hexavalent chromium,cadmium,arsenic,lead,selenium and manganese,in the rural drinking water in one city from 2016 to 2017 were detected.The health risk model recommended by US EPA was used to calculate,analyze and evaluate the health risk of harmful elements in drinking water.Results The carcinogenic risk values of the three genotoxic substances were Cr^6+>As>Cd from high to low,and the total carcinogenic risk ranged from 1.26 E-04 to 1.88 E-04 a-1 with a 95%CI,which was mainly caused by Cr^6+and As.The non-carcinogenic risk values of the four toxic substances were Se>Mn>Hg>Pb from high to low,and the non-carcinogenic total risk values ranged from 2.34 E-10 to 4.20 E-10^a-1 with a 95%CI.The effect on individual health risk was very small.Conclusion Cr^6+and As were the key points of drinking water monitoring in one city through health risk assessment.In order to ensure the safety of local drinking water,water source management should be strengthened.Water quality can be purified if conditions permit,and water sources should be replaced where health risks are particularly high.

关 键 词：农饮水 重金属 健康风险 评价 

分 类 号：R123[医药卫生—环境卫生学]