首次接种狂犬病疫苗患者心理健康状况及影响因素  

Mental health status and influencing factors of patients initially vaccinated with rabies vaccine

作　　者：何小萍[1] 张萍[1] 梁洁[1] HE Xiao-ping;ZHANG Ping;LIANG Jie(Outpatient Department,Southern Hospital,Southern Medical University,Guangzhou Guangdong,510000,China)

机构地区：[1]南方医科大学南方医院门诊部

出　　处：《职业与健康》2019年第22期3112-3116,共5页Occupation and Health

摘　　要：目的 了解首次接种狂犬病疫苗患者心理健康状况及其影响因素,为开展心理护理干预提供参考。方法 采用方便抽样法,于2018年1-12月在南方医科大学南方医院门诊抽取首次接种狂犬病疫苗患者296例作为研究对象,采用一般情况问卷、抑郁自评量表(SDS)、焦虑自评量表(SAS)对首次接种狂犬病疫苗患者进行调查。结果 296例首次接种狂犬病疫苗患者中有188例存在焦虑症状,发生率63.51%,其中轻度焦虑152例,中度焦虑30例,重度焦虑6例。有54例存在抑郁症状,发生率18.24%,其中轻度抑郁45例,中度抑郁7例,重度抑郁2例。文化程度、家庭人均月收入、狂犬病防治知识知晓状况、暴露程度、暴露部位是首次接种狂犬病疫苗患者发生焦虑的影响因素(均P<0.05);文化程度、狂犬病防治知识知晓状况、暴露程度、暴露部位是首次接种狂犬病疫苗患者发生抑郁的影响因素(均P<0.05)。结论 首次接种狂犬病疫苗患者焦虑、抑郁发生率较高,应针对不同的影响因素制定针对性的护理干预措施,以改善其焦虑、抑郁状况。Objective To understand the mental health status and its influencing factors of patients initially vaccinated with rabies vaccine,provide reference for psychological nursing intervention.Methods From Januaiy to December in 2018,296 outpatients who were initially vaccinated with rabies vaccine in Nanfang Hospital of Southern Medical University were selected by convenient sampling method.The general situation questionnaire,self-rating depression scale(SDS)and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS)were used to investigate the patients initially vaccinated with rabies vaccine.Results 188 of 296 patients initially vaccinated with rabies vaccine had anxiety symptoms,the incidence was 63.51%.There were 152 cases of mild anxiety,30 cases of moderate anxiety and 6 cases of severe anxiety.54 patients had depressive symptoms,with the incidence of 18.24%.Among them,45 cases were mild depression,7 were moderate depression and 2 were severe depression.Education level,family per capita monthly income,awareness of rabies prevention and control knowledge,exposure level and exposure mode were the influencing factors of anxiety in patients receiving rabies vaccine for the first time(all P<0.05).Education level,awareness of rabies prevention and control knowledge,exposure level and exposure mode were the influencing factors of anxiety in patients receiving rabies vaccine for the first time(all P<0.05).Conclusion The incidence of anxiety and depression in the patients initially vaccinated with rabies vaccine is high.Nursing intervention measures should be formulated according to different influencing factors to improve the anxiety and depression of patients initially vaccinated with rabies vaccine.

关 键 词：狂犬病 首次接种 狂犬病疫苗 焦虑 抑郁 影响因素 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]