哈密柳树沟墓地出土青铜器科技分析  

Scientific Analysis on the Bronzes unearthed at the Liushugou Cemetery in Hami

作　　者：苏贝·乃比 王永强 张杰 宋国定 罗武干[1,2,3] SuBei•NaiBi;Wang Yongqiang;Zhangjie;Song Guoding;Luo Wugan

机构地区：[1]西北大学文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室 [2]中国科学院古脊椎动物演化与人类起源重点实验室 [3]中国科学院大学人文学院考古学与人类学系 [4]新疆文物考古研究所

出　　处：《西域研究》2019年第4期73-82,144,共11页The Western Regions Studies

基　　金：“西北大学文化遗产研究与保护技术教育部重点实验室开放课题”的资助

摘　　要：为了探讨哈密柳树沟墓地出土铜器的合金技术及矿料来源,本文利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜能谱仪及多接收等离子体质谱仪等设备对出土的23件铜器进行了分析。结果显示,此批铜器为铸造成型,以锡青铜为主,同时多数器物含有少量的砷。铅同位素分析结果表明,此批铜器的同位素特征与已发表的部分天山北路墓地出土铜器的同位素特征较为一致,与较多伊犁州博物馆馆藏铜器及奴拉赛古铜矿铅同位素特征较为接近,表明它们存在共用同一矿源的可能性。与新疆及甘肃境内铜矿进行对比后发现,此批铜器很可能既使用了较多来自甘肃西部的铜矿和新疆西部的群吉萨依铜矿,又有少量来自附近的土屋延东铜矿。这表明:柳树沟墓地与哈密天山北路文化联系紧密,东天山地区的铜器矿源不仅有甘肃西部地区,也有新疆西部地区和哈密本地,这说明东天山地区很可能在沟通甘肃西部与新疆西部的青铜文化之间发挥着不可忽视的作用。In order to trace the alloy technology and quarry origins of the bronzes unearthed from the Liushugou cemetery in Hami,this study,using metallographic analysis method with SEM-EDS,MCICP-MS and other techniques to examine 23 bronzes samples collected from the Liushugou cemetery.The result indicated that these bronze samples were casted to shape and the most were Cu-Sn binary alloy,and almost all of these samples contained a small amount of arsenic.The result of lead isotopic analysis revealed the consistent characteristics with some the bronzes from the Tianshanbeilu cemeteries in eastern Xinjiang,also sharing similar Lead isotopic characteristics with many bronzes collected by Yili Museum,and from Nulasai copper mining site in western Xinjiang,which indicates the possibility of sharing the same quarry source for these regions.While,compared with the copper mines both in Xinjiang and Gansu,it is found that the bronzes unearthed from the Liushugou are likely to use copper source from both regions,such as the Nulasai,and the Jimusayi and Tuwu-Yandong copper mine.This suggests that the Liushugou cemetery is closely related to the Tianshanbeilu.This research also suggests the bronzes found in the East Tianshan were closely related to that in the western Xinjiang.This has provided a strong evidence that the east Tianshan region is likely to be the important passway for the bronze cultural exchange between the East Xinjiang and the west Gansu which should not be over looked.

关 键 词：新疆东部 青铜器 柳树沟墓地 合金技术 铅同位素 

分 类 号：K876.41[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]