新疆零式果枝海岛棉掉絮原因分析  

Preliminary Study on the Causes of Drop Flocculation in Xinjiang Zero-Fruit Island Cotton(G.barbadense L.)

作　　者：王为然[1] 杨静[1] 朱家辉[1] 张延辉[2] 宁新民[1] 刘志清[1] 孔杰[1] 阿里甫·艾尔西[1] WANG Wei-ran;YANG Jing;ZHU Jia-hui;ZHANG Yan-hui;NING Xin-min;LIU Zhi-qing;KONG Jie;Alifu Aierxi(Institute of Economic Crops,Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Urumqi 830091,China;College of Pratacultural and Environmental Sciences,Xinjiang Agricultural University,Urumqi 830052,China)

机构地区：[1]新疆农业科学院经济作物研究所,乌鲁木齐830091 [2]新疆农业大学草业与环境科学学院,乌鲁木齐830052

出　　处：《新疆农业科学》2019年第11期1979-1987,共9页Xinjiang Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31660411);新疆农业科学院科技创新重点培育专项(xjkcpy-001);棉花产业技术体系(CARS-15-09);科技部七大作物育种(2017YFD0101604);新疆农业科学院青年科技骨干创新能力培养项目(xjnkq-2019008);自治区天山英才计划(201720301)~~

摘　　要：【目的】新疆零式果枝海岛棉棉铃以3室为主,株型紧凑,含絮力差的品种吐絮后掉絮现象普遍存在,造成棉花采收困难。研究吐絮后掉絮现象成因,为海岛棉育种及生产提供科学依据。【方法】以掉絮品种新335和含絮品种新海35号(CK)为材料,分析主要关联因素铃壳、棉瓣在脱水期形态变化入手,采用田间定点、室内性状测定及电镜扫描等方法,研究铃壳卷曲与棉瓣脱落之间的关系。【结果】海岛棉棉铃从开裂-掉絮分成7个阶段,吐絮后5 d是掉絮的高发期,吐絮10 d,新335的含絮力(0.2N)低于新海35号(0.6N)。铃壳结构方面,在吐絮3和5 d。掉絮品种新335的铃壳卷曲率分别高于新海35号29.6%和29.3%,前者≥160°的铃壳夹角占14.4%,而后者仅占1.1%,差异极显著(P<0.01);在单瓣籽棉大小方面,新335的瓣长、宽、厚等均低于新海35号;在纤维结构上,吐絮10 d,新335纤维间索结、单根纤维的转曲等比新海35号少。在脱水速率方面,掉絮品种新335前3 d铃壳脱水速率较新海35号高3.0、5.0、8.0个百分点,差异极显著,7 d后高出后者2.8个百分点。纤维脱水速率也呈现出相似趋势。【结论】掉絮与品种的铃壳结构、棉瓣大小及纤维堆叠三个因素有重要联系,吐絮期棉铃的快速脱水导致铃壳卷曲、夹角过大,加剧棉瓣支撑位的不足,以及棉瓣小、纤维间的抱合力差等因素,是新疆零式果枝海岛棉掉絮的主要原因。解决吐絮期掉絮应从适度松散果枝类型、提高铃重及衣分入手进行品种培育。【Objective】The cotton bolls of Xinjiang zero-fruit island cotton are mainly composed of three compartments,and the plant type is compact.The flocculation phenomenon after the bolls of the varieties with poor flocculation is widespread,which makes the cotton harvesting difficult.It is of great significance for the breeding and production of island cotton to explore the cause of the phenomenon of flocculation after bolling.【Methods】In this study,the Xin 335 and the cultivar Xinhai 35(CK)were used as research materials.Starting from the main related factors-the bell shell and cotton morphological changes in the dehydration period,using field fixed point,indoor traits and scanning electron microscopy to study the relationship between bell shell curl and cotton flap shedding.【Results】The island cotton boll was divided into seven stages from cracking to dropping.The 5 d after bolling was the high-risk period of flocculation,when the bubbling was 10 d,the flocculation force of the Xin 335(0.2 N)was lower than that of Xinhai 35(0.6 N).In terms of bell shell structure,in the 3 d and 5 d,the shell curling rate of the Xin 335 was higher than that of Xinhai 35,29.6%and 29.3%,and the former≥160°bell shell accounted for 14.4%,while the latter only 1.1%,the difference was extremely significant(P<0.01).In terms of single-petal seed cotton,the length,width and thickness of the Xin 335 were lower than those of Xinhai 35;on the fiber structure,spit flocculation in 10 d,the Xin 335 fiber knot,the single fiber was less than that of Xinhai 35.In terms of dehydration rate,the dehydration rate of the 3 d bell shell of Xin 335 was 3.0,5.0,and 8.0 percentage points higher than that of Xinhai 35.The difference was extremely significant,and the latter was 2.8 percentage points higher after 7 d.The rate of fiber dehydration also showed a similar trend.【Conclusion】There are important links between the fluttering structure and the bell shell structure,cotton flap size and fiber stacking.The rapid dehydration of the bolls dur

关 键 词：海岛棉 掉絮 棉铃脱水 铃壳夹角 

分 类 号：S66[农业科学—果树学]