嵌入旋转气腔式水稻穴直播排种器设计与试验  

Design and Test of Rice Hill-drop Seed Metering Device Embedded with Rotating Air Cavity

作　　者：万霖[1,2] 王洪超 车刚 WAN Lin;WANG Hongchao;CHE Gang(College of Engineering,Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University,Daqing 163319,China;Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Machinery Intelligent Equipment,Daqing 163319,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江八一农垦大学工程学院,大庆163319 [2]黑龙江省农机智能装备重点实验室,大庆163319

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第11期74-84,共11页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2014BAD06B00);2017全国基层农技推广补助项目(JCTG17-03);黑龙江八一农垦大学农业机械化工程重点实验室开放项目

摘　　要：针对气吸式排种器气压利用不充分、种盘旋转与橡胶垫存在摩擦、穴播均匀性差等问题,设计了一种嵌入旋转气腔式水稻穴直播排种器。基于ANSYS软件对腔体内部流场进行模拟仿真,以吸孔孔径和吸孔位置分布为影响因素、以气腔压力平均值和吸孔处的平均流速为评价指标进行数值模拟仿真研究。仿真结果表明:气腔流场分布比较稳定,可为吸种提供稳定的负压环境。应用JPS-12试验台进行试验验证,以气腔转速、负压和填种高度为影响因素,以播种合格率、漏播率和重播率为评价指标,进行三因素五水平二次正交旋转组合试验,运用Design-Expert 8.0.6对数据完成方差分析和显著性检验,得到回归方程和响应曲面图,通过分析各因素间的交互作用,确定了最佳参数组合:当气腔转速为21.61 r/min、气腔负压为4.4 kPa、填种高度为15.7 cm时,作业性能最好,此时播种合格率93.6%,漏播率3.47%,重播率2.93%。试验结果与优化结果相符,满足粳稻穴直播要求。Aiming at the problems of inadequate use of air pressure for air suction type metering device,friction between seed plate rotation and rubber pad,and poor uniformity of hole sowing,airflow field of rice seed metering device embedded with rotating air chamber was designed by the absorption principle.The working principle of each stage of seed metering device was introduced,and the parameters and structure of the key components were designed.Based on the basic governing equation of fluid,the negative pressure cavity was simulated by ANSYS software.The numerical simulation was carried out with the influence factors of pore diameter and position distribution of suction hole.The average pressure of the cavity and the average velocity of the suction hole were the evaluation indexes.The simulation results showed that the distribution of flow field in air cavity was relatively stable,which provided a stable negative pressure environment for seed suction.The JPS-12 test-bed was applied to verify the simulation test.Taking the rotation velocity of air chamber,the negative pressure of air chamber and the height of seed filling as the influencing factors,and taking the qualified rate of rice sowing,the rate of missed sowing and the rate of re-sowing as the evaluation indexes,the experiment of quadratic rotation combination design at five levels of factors was carried out.Using Design-Expert 8.0.6 to complete variance analysis and significance test,the regression equation and the corresponding surface map were obtained,the interaction of various factors was analyzed,and the best parameters were determined.Number combination:when the rotating velocity of the air chamber was 21.61 r/min,the negative pressure of the air chamber was 4.4 kPa and the seed filling height was 15.7 cm,the performance of the operation was 93.6%for the qualified index,3.47%for the missed broadcast index and 2.93%for the replay index.The experimental results of bench test were in good agreement with the optimized results,which met the requirement of dire

关 键 词：水稻 旋转气腔 穴直播 排种器 设计 试验 

分 类 号：S223.2[农业科学—农业机械化工程]