基于空间分析的宁夏沙土春玉米滴灌水氮管理模式研究  

Optimal Irrigation and Nitrogen Management Model under Drip Fertigation System Based on Spatial Analysis of Spring Maize in Sandy Soil Area in Ningxia

作　　者：严富来 张富仓[1] 范兴科[2] 王英 李越鹏 邹海洋[1] YAN Fulai;ZHANG Fucang;FAN Xingke;WANG Ying;LI Yuepeng;ZOU Haiyang(Key Laboratory of Agricultural Soil and Water Engineering in Arid and Semiarid Areas,Ministry of Education,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China;Institute of Soil and Water Conservation,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学旱区农业水土工程教育部重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《农业机械学报》2019年第11期219-228,共10页Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD22B05);国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFC0403303);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2011AA100504);教育部高等学校创新引智计划项目(B12007)

摘　　要：基于滴灌水肥一体化条件下研究水氮组合对宁夏沙土地区春玉米地上部干物质量、产量、氮素累积量和水氮利用效率的影响,并运用多元回归分析方法,寻求高产高效的水氮配施制度。设计灌水和施氮2因素、3个灌水量水平(W0.6:0.6 K c ET 0、W0.8:0.8 K c ET 0和W1.0:1.0 K c ET 0,其中K c为作物系数,ET 0为潜在作物蒸发蒸腾量)和4个施氮量水平(N150:150 kg/hm^2;N225:225 kg/hm^2;N300:300 kg/hm^2;N375:375 kg/hm^2)进行大田试验。结果表明:Logistic函数对春玉米地上部干物质累积量具有较高的拟合度,W1.0灌水处理延后了地上部干物质快速积累期的起点;灌水量和施氮量对产量、植株氮素累积量、水分利用效率(WUE)均有显著或极显著影响,灌水量对氮肥偏生产力(PFPN)有极显著影响,水氮耦合作用对氮收获指数有显著性影响;相同灌水条件下,地上部干物质累积量、产量、植株氮素累积量(W0.8处理除外)和WUE随施氮量的增加先增加、后减小。考虑试验区年降雨量分配不均,基于产量、WUE、PFPN和籽粒氮素累积量,对水氮管理方案进行优化,多元回归分析结果表明,当灌水量与有效降雨量之和为506~576 mm、施氮量为230~335 kg/hm^2时,产量、WUE和籽粒氮素累积量均能同时达到最大值的95%以上,优化区间所得的PFPN约为最大值的80%,为适宜的水氮滴灌管理区间。研究成果可为当地沙土地区春玉米滴灌施肥过程中水氮科学管理提供指导依据。Aiming to investigate the effects of different combinations of irrigation and nitrogen on shoot biomass,yield,total nitrogen accumulation,and water and nitrogen use efficiency of drip fertigated spring maize in sandy soil area in Ningxia.The multivariate regression analysis method was used to obtain the best combination of irrigation and nitrogen for maximum production,and the spatial analysis method was further used to comprehensively evaluate the yield,grain nitrogen accumulation,and water and nitrogen use efficiency to seek a high-yield and low-water fertigation system for the closest acceptable production of multiple targets.The plot experiments were conducted with two factors of irrigation and nitrogen.There were three irrigation levels(W0.6:0.6 K c ET 0;W0.8:0.8 K c ET 0 and W1.0:1.0 K c ET 0,K c was crop coefficients,ET 0 was potential reference crops evapotranspiration)and four nitrogen levels(N150:150 kg/hm^2;N225:225 kg/hm 2;N300:300 kg/hm^2 and N375:375 kg/hm^2).The results showed that there was a high fitting degree of shoot biomass for spring maize with Logistic function and the W1.0 irrigation treatment delayed the starting point of the rapid accumulation period of shoot biomass.The single factor of irrigation and nitrogen application had significant or extremely significant effects on the yield,plant nitrogen accumulation and water use efficiency(WUE),and irrigation amount had significant effect on nitrogen partial factor productivity(PFPN).Both irrigation and nitrogen application amounts had significant or extremely significant effects on yield,plant nitrogen accumulation and WUE,while irrigation amount had extremely marked effects on PFPN,and irrigation and nitrogen had a notable coupling effect on the nitrogen harvest index.Under the same irrigation levels,the shoot biomass,yield,plant nitrogen accumulation(except for W0.8 treatment)and WUE were increased at first,and then decreased with the increase of the nitrogen application rate.Through the multivariate regression analysis and the spatial an

关 键 词：春玉米 沙土地区 滴灌施肥 水氮 空间分析 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程]