共时音变路径的实证分析--项吴语声调变异的社会语音学研究  

Tbacing the Route of a Sound Change in Progress with Empirical Data:A Sociophonetic Study on the Ibnal Variation in the Wu Dialect

作　　者：张璟玮 Zhang Jingwei(Department of Chinese Language and Literature,Faculty of Arts and Humanities,University of Macao,Macao 999078)

机构地区：[1]澳门大学人文学院中国语言文学系,澳门999078

出　　处：《语言科学》2019年第6期581-595,共15页Linguistic Sciences

基　　金：国家留学基金委、荷兰乌特勒支大学及澳门高等教育基金会资助。

摘　　要：社会语音学是变异社会语言学和实验语音学有机结合而产生的一个新的研究方向,可为研究共时音变的起源、扩散和演变路径等问题提供分析理论和方法。文章拟在社会语音学的框架下,探索汉语方言“浊上归浊去”的演变路径问题。文章选择正在发生“浊上归浊去”的无锡方言为研究对象,收集了四十名方言发音人的单字调语音数据,重点分析其阳上调与阳去调的细微共时变异。研究同时采用传统的听辨转写和实验语音学基频分析的方法,发现无锡方言阳上调存在凸调、升调和凹调三个调型变式。通过对每个调型变式的混合效应分析,研究发现无锡方言的阳上单字调以凸调为起点,演变目标是成为与阳去相同的凹调,升调是凸调演变成凹调的过渡。Sociophonetics,the interface between variationist sociolinguistics and experimental phonetics,can provide theories and methods for studying the origin,diffusion,and route of synchronic sound changes・This paper intends to study the synchronic tonal variation in the framework of sociophonetics.Specifically,it investigates the merger of“Yang Shangw and“Yang Qu”of the Wuxi dialect in citation form with the data of forty native speakers,because the Wuxi dialect is undergoing the merger of those two tones,which provides a unique chance to observe the fine details of its changing progress.Based on the impressionistic transcription and the acoustic analysis of the fundamental frequency,this paper focuses on the changing route of the Yang Shang-Yang Qu merger and therefore finds three tonal variants of"Yang Shang”--a convex one,a rising one and a concave one.Based on the results of mixed-effect model,it is found that the merger starts from the most conservative variant,the convex tone and the final target is the concave tone・The rising tone is the transitional variant between the convex and the concave tones.

关 键 词：社会语音学 声调变异 浊上归浊去 无锡方言 合并路径 

分 类 号：H017[语言文字—语言学]