不同玉米品种的抗旱特性研究  

Study on drought resistance of different maize varieties

作　　者：卜俊周[1] 魏建伟[1] 岳海旺[1] 彭海成[1] 陈淑萍[1] 谢俊良[1] BU Jun-zhou;WEI Jian-wei;YUE Hai-wang;PENG Hai-cheng;CHEN Shu-ping;XIE Jun-liang(Institute of Dry Farming Agriculture,Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science,Hengshui 053000,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省农林科学院旱作农业研究所

出　　处：《上海农业学报》2019年第6期34-38,共5页Acta Agriculturae Shanghai

基　　金：国家七大作物育种:冀中南适宜机械化夏玉米新品种选育(2017YFD0101202-2);国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02);河北省科技支撑计划项目(16226323D-X)

摘　　要：探讨玉米广适性品种在不同水分条件下的农艺和生理特征,为广适性新品种培育提供参考依据。2015年和2016年,将玉米品种’先玉335’’郑单958’与玉米新品种’衡玉321’,在干旱和正常灌溉2个水分处理下种植于河北省农科院节水试验站,试验采用裂区设计。测定株高、穗位、抽雄期、吐丝期、籽粒产量和产量要素等农艺学性状,以及抽雄前叶绿素含量(SPADv)、灌浆期叶绿素含量(SPADg)、灌浆后期叶片衰老等级评分(LSS)、抽雄前叶面积指数(LAIv)、灌浆期叶面积指数(LAIg)等生理性状,比较不同品种间的性状差异。玉米品种穗粗、秃尖长品种间差异不显著,其他性状品种间存在差异。与干旱处理相比,正常灌溉处理下,’衡玉321’、’郑单958’和’先玉335’的籽粒产量分别增加5056.5 kg/hm^2、3987.5 kg/hm^2和5934 kg/hm^2,穗行数增加3.5、2.3、2.3,百粒重增加4.7 g、5.2 g、6.8 g,株高增加46.7 cm、44.1 cm、66.7 cm。’衡玉321’在正常灌溉处理和干旱处理下的LRS、SPADg分别是5.97、3.85和5.81、3.27。广适性品种’衡玉321’株型紧凑,抽穗后叶片衰老速度慢;干旱条件下叶片发生明显卷曲,但叶绿素含量较高,叶功能好;产量、千粒重和株高的水分敏感性低,而穗数和穗粒数的水分敏感性较高,灌浆中期的叶绿素含量和抽穗前叶面积指数对水分不敏感,水旱条件下均表现出高产。To explore the agronomic and physiological characteristics of maize varieties under different water conditions,and to provide reference for the cultivation of a wide range of new varieties,the field experiment was carried out in water-saving experimental station of Hebei academy of agriculture and forestry science,China.Three maize varieties currently used in a local maize production,’Zhengdan 958’’Xianyu 335’and’Hengyu321’were used during two consecutive years(2015,2016).The experiment used two water treatments,drought and normal irrigation,and adopted the split-plot experiment design with three repetitions.Agronomic and ear,tasseling,silking stage,grain yield and yield factors characters,and before tasseling(SPADv)chlorophyll content and chlorophyll content during grain filling period(SPADg),late filling leaf senescence rating(LSS),before tasseling leaf area index(LAIv),leaf area index of filling period(LAIg)and other physiological traits were determinated to study on the traits of differences among different types of varieties.The results showed that there was no significant difference in ear diameter and tip length among different maize varieties.Compared with the drought treatment,the grain yield of’Hengyu 321’’Zhengdan 958’and’Xianyu 335’increased by 5056.5 kg/hm^2,3987.5 kg/hm^2 and 5934 kg/hm^2 respectively under normal irrigation treatment.The number of spike rows increased by 3.5,2.3,2.3,and 100 grain weight increased 4.7 g,5.2 g,6.8 g,and plant height increased 46.7 cm,44.1 cm,and 66.7 cm.The LRS and SPADg of’Hengyu 321’under normal irrigation and drought treatment were 5.97,3.85 and 5.81,3.27 respectively.The widely adapted variety’Hengyu 321’has a compact plant type and slow speed of leaf senescence after heading.Under drought conditions,the leaves have obvious curls,but the chlorophyll content is higher,the leaf function is good,the water sensitivity of the yield,1000 grain weight and plant height is low,but the water sensitivity of the spike number and the nunber of

关 键 词：玉米 广适性 ‘衡玉321’ 生理特性 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]