秸秆还田与化肥配施对汉中盆地稻麦轮作农田土壤固碳及经济效益的影响  

Effect of straw returning combined with NPK fertilization on soil carbon sequestration and economic benefits under rice–wheat rotation in Hanzhong basin

作　　者：吴玉红[1] 郝兴顺 田霄鸿[2] 陈浩[1] 张春辉[1] 崔月贞 秦宇航[1] WU Yu-Hong;HAO Xing-Shun;TIAN Xiao-Hong;CHEN Hao;ZHANG Chun-Hui;CUI Yue-Zhen;QIN Yu-Hang(Hanzhong Agricultural Research Institute,Hanzhong 723000,Shaanxi,China;College of Natural Resources and Environment,Northwest A&F University,Yangling 712100,Shaanxi,China)

机构地区：[1]汉中市农业科学研究所,陕西汉中723000 [2]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌721000

出　　处：《作物学报》2020年第2期259-268,共10页Acta Agronomica Sinica

基　　金：陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划项目(2015KTCL02-21);陕西省农业科技创新转化项目(NYKJ-2018-HZ01)资助~~

摘　　要：为汉中盆地秸秆还田技术和合理化肥减量技术提供科学依据,2015—2017年小麦和水稻生长季,设置秸秆不还田+常规施肥(SN+NPK);秸秆常规还田+常规施肥(S+NPK);秸秆促腐还田+常规施肥(SD+NPK);秸秆促腐还田+化肥减量15%(SD+85%NPK);秸秆促腐还田+化肥减量30%(SD+70%NPK),共5个处理,研究其对土壤总有机碳(TOC)、活性有机碳(LOC)、碳储量(SCS)、作物产量及经济效益的影响。结果表明与秸秆不还田配施常规施肥处理(SN+NPK)相比,秸秆还田配施不同比例化肥处理显著提高了稻田0~15 cm土层的TOC和LOC,增幅分别为3.62%~25.07%和23.01%~46.79%;S+NPK和SD+NPK处理提高了0~30 cm碳储量,增幅分别为4.67%和18.20%。而SD+85%NPK和SD+70%NPK分别降低8.31%和9.83%。S+NPK和SD+NPK处理显著增加了小麦和水稻籽粒产量,而SD+85%NPK和SD+70%NPK处理均降低了小麦和水稻产量,周年产量2年平均增幅分别为3.47%、8.70%、−3.65%、−8.12%。与SN+NPK处理相比,S+NPK、SD+NPK、SD+85%NPK、SD+70%NPK处理周年经济效益2年平均增幅分别为16.91%、23.56%、6.02%、1.06%。土壤有机碳、作物产量和经济效益SD+NPK处理的最高,S+NPK处理次之,SD+70%NPK处理最低,与之相比,SD+85%NPK处理在小麦和水稻两季共减少化肥80 kg hm^-2,作物周年产量降低不明显,经济效益略有增加。秸秆还田与常规化肥配施是提高汉中盆地稻麦轮作体系农田固碳、产量及经济效益的最佳措施,两季作物全量还田条件下化肥用量减少15%是适宜该区域的绿色生产模式。A two-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the response of soil carbon sequestration,crop yield and economic benefit to rates of NPK application and straw returning under rice-wheat rotation from 2015 to 2017.The experiment included five treatments:application of NPK without straw returning(SN+NPK),application of NPK with straw returning(S+NPK),application of NPK with decayed straw returning(SD+NPK),application of NPK with 15%reduction plus decayed straw returning(SD+85%NPK)and application of NPK with 15% reduction plus decayed straw returning(SD+70%NPK).Compared with SN+NPK,total organic carbon(TOC)and active organic carbon(LOC)in 0-15 cm depth increased by 3.62%-25.07% and 23.01%-46.79% in the treatments of straw returning plus different returned NPK application,respectively.Both S+NPK and SD+NPK treatments increased organic carbon storage(SCS)in 0-30 cm soil layer by 4.67% and 18.20%,but SD+85%NPK and SD+70%NPK decreased the SCS by 8.31%and 9.83%,respectively.Compared with SN+NPK,both S+NPK and SD+NPK increased grain yields for wheat and rice.However,SD+85%NPK and SD+70%NPK treatments significantly reduced grain yields for wheat and rice.Compared with SN+NPK treatment,the increase in annual average yield was 3.47% for S+NPK,8.70% for SD+NPK,–3.65%for SD+85%NPK,and–8.12%for SD+70%NPK,while the increase of annual net profit in two years was 16.91%,23.56%,6.02%,and 1.06%,respectively.Soil organic carbon,crop yield and efficiency were the highest in the SD+NPK treatment,but lowest in SD+70%NPK.Compared with SD+70%NPK treatment,SD+85%NPK did not affect the annual average yield,but slightly increased the annual net profit due to a cost reduction caused by less fertilizer application with a total reduction of 80 kg ha^-1.In conclusion,the combination of straw returning with NPK fertilization is an effective farming practice to improve soil carbon sequestration,crop yield and economic benefits in Hanzhong basin.Considering the environment and economic effects,decayed straw returning with 15% reductio

关 键 词：稻麦轮作 秸秆还田 化肥减量 土壤有机碳 周年生产力 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]