明代帝陵石刻云禽纹饰研究  

On Decoration of Cloud and Birds in Stone Carving of Imperial Mausoleum in the Ming Dynasty

作　　者：郑艺鸿 ZHENG Yi-hong(School of Architecture,Anhui University of Science and Technology,Fengyang Anhui,233100)

机构地区：[1]安徽科技学院建筑学院

出　　处：《山西大同大学学报（社会科学版）》2019年第6期28-32,共5页Journal of Shanxi Datong University(Social Science Edition)

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“明代帝陵石刻研究”（16BF073）

摘　　要："云禽"是明代帝陵石刻群中出现频率最高、使用次数最多的装饰图样,仅在明皇陵一陵中就刻于12件人物石刻之上,占整个神道石刻总数的六分之一多,在明祖陵中也刻于12件石刻之上,占四分之一多,明十三陵刻有云禽纹饰的为8件石刻,明孝陵、明显陵则各有4件,均占各陵石刻总数较大比重,体现了该纹饰的重要地位,成为明代帝陵石刻的一个特例。而作为具有多重象征性的装饰图样,"云禽"纹饰揭示了古代官员等级、帝王意志等不同含义,同时起到了验证明代民族服制相关记载的"活化石"的作用,具有珍贵的历史、艺术、考古等价值。Cloud bird decoration are the most common and widely used pattern in Ming emperor mausoleum stone carving. it takes up one sixth of the entire dress pattern in Ming Huang Mausoleum,and twelve official decoration showed the pattern. Likely,in Ming Zu Mausoleum,it was carved in twelve figures’ dresses,which takes up more than a quarter. Moreover,there are eight in Ming thirteen mausoleums and four in Ming Xiao mausoleum and Ming Xian mausoleum respectively. The large proportion it takes up in the stone carving was a perfect index of its importance.Cloud bird decoration,bearing multi-symbolic meanings,reveals the different meanings of ancient officials and the will of the emperor. It plays a role in the verification as "living fossil" related to the national clothing system of the Ming Dynasty,and is of great value in history,art,archaeology and so on.

关 键 词：明代帝陵 石刻 云禽纹饰 

分 类 号：K878.8[历史地理—考古学及博物馆学]