基于人机工效的瞄准机手轮安装方式优化设计  

Optimized design of mounting mode of sighting device handwheel based on human-machine ergonomics

作　　者：赵祎乾 吴天宇 顾森 李亚军[1] 叶林 Zhao Yiqian;Wu Tianyu;Gu Sen;Li Yajun;Ye Lin(School of Mechanical Engineering,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China;School of Art and Media,Xi’an Technological University,Xi’an 710032,China;School of Design Art and Media,Nanjing University of Science and Technology,Nanjing 210094,China)

机构地区：[1]南京理工大学机械工程学院,江苏南京210094 [2]西安工业大学艺术与传媒学院,陕西西安710032 [3]南京理工大学设计艺术与传媒学院,江苏南京210094

出　　处：《南京理工大学学报》2019年第6期727-738,共12页Journal of Nanjing University of Science and Technology

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划(KYCX19_0277;KYCX18_0397)

摘　　要：为提升车载炮瞄准机作战效能,优化其手轮安装方式。运用人机仿真实验方法,构建P 5、P 50、P 95的数字化炮手依次操作3组不同安装方式手轮时的模型。针对炮手操作手轮行为姿势动态仿真,以可达域、下背部分析、快速上肢分析3项指标评价手轮安装方式对操作时人机工效的影响。结合灰色关联方法对评价数据计算处理,仿真结果显示第2组样本综合评价结果相对最优。提出手轮优化设计中应优先考虑采用2个手轮的轴线夹角为30°,高低机手轮轴线与火炮耳轴夹角为60°的安装方式;相比较于轴线夹角90°、高低机手轮轴线与火炮耳轴平行的安装方式,下背部受力降低约30.02%,快速上肢评价等级降低约8.39%;相比较于2个手轮轴线重合且均与火炮耳轴平行的安装方式,下背部受力降低约15.59%,快速上肢评价等级降低约3.68%。In order to improve the combat effectiveness of the sighting device for a vehicle-mounted gun,its handwheel installation mode is optimized.The models of digital gunners P 5,P 50 and P 95 operating three groups of handwheels with different installation modes are constructed using the human-machine simulation experiment method.Through the dynamic simulation of actions and postures of the digital gunners operating handwheels,the influence of the handwheel installation mode on the man-machine ergonomics is evaluated based on the reachable area,the lower back analysis and rapid upper limb assessment.Evaluation data are calculated and processed using the gray correlation method,and the simulation results show that the comprehensive evaluation results of the second group of samples are relatively optimal.In the optimal design of handwheels,priority should be given to the included angle between 2 handwheel axes at 30°and the included angle between elevating mechanism handwheel axis and gun trunnion at 60°;compared with the included angle between 2 handwheel axes at 90°and the elevating mechanism handwheel paralleling to the gun trunnion,the force on the lower back is reduced by about 30.02%,and the grade of rapid upper limb assessment is decreased by about 8.39%;compared with the axes of the two handwheels coinciding and both paralleling to the gun trunnion,the force on the lower back is reduced by about 15.59%,and the grade of rapid upper limb assessment is decreased by about 3.68%.

关 键 词：人机工效 瞄准机 手轮 安装方式 车载炮 人机仿真实验 灰色关联方法 

分 类 号：TP391.9[自动化与计算机技术—计算机应用技术]