日光温室冬春茬黄瓜滴灌的肥水优化管理  

Optimization Management of Water and Fertilization for Winter-Spring Cucumber Under Greenhouse Drip Irrigation Condition

作　　者：李若楠[1,2] 黄绍文[1] 史建硕 王丽英[2] 唐继伟[1] 张怀志[1] 袁硕[1] 翟凤芝[2] 任燕利[2] 郭丽[2] LI RuoNan;HUANG ShaoWen;SHI JianShuo;WANG LiYing;TANG JiWei;ZHANG HuaiZhi;YUAN Shuo;ZHAI FengZhi;REN YanLi;GUO Li(Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100081;Institute of Agricultural Resources and Environment,Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Shijiazhuang 050051)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [2]河北省农林科学院农业资源环境研究所,石家庄050051

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2019年第20期3648-3660,共13页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0201001);国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-23-B02);河北省农林科学院科学技术研究与发展计划(2018130101);河北省农林科学院农业资源高效利用与绿色增长创新团队项目(F17R01)

摘　　要：【目的】明确滴灌黄瓜不同生育阶段适宜的土壤含水量指标和土壤氮素供应值,优化关键生育时期肥水施用,为保障设施黄瓜绿色生产与高产提供科学依据。【方法】供试作物为日光温室冬春茬黄瓜。在相同基肥用量下,滴灌追肥设计低量(W1)、中量(W2)、高量(W3)3个灌水量和低量(F1)、中量(F2)、高量(F3)3个施肥量,共9个肥水组合处理。分生育阶段分析产量、品质、养分吸收量与肥水用量、主根区(0—40 cm)土壤含水量及养分供应水平的响应关系。【结果】(1)与W1处理相比,W2、W3处理商品瓜总产量显著增加,增幅11.1%—12.8%,其中W3处理第1、2次肥水管理期间商品瓜产量显著降低,降幅10.4%—17.7%,W2、W3处理第6—8、10—12和14—16次肥水管理期间商品瓜产量分别增加10.8%—26.2%、21.2%—40.3%和33.5%—46.4%;W2、W3处理氮、磷、钾总吸收量显著增加,增幅分别为17.9%—20.2%、28.3%—36.3%、25.9%—33.7%,其中进入产瓜盛期后,阶段养分吸收量增加显著;W2、W3处理产瓜期间主根区平均体积含水量增加4.2—6.4个百分点,保持在相对含水量79%—87%;果实含水量增加0.2—0.3个百分点,但果实可溶性固形物、硝酸盐、可溶性糖、Vc含量分别下降7.4%—10.1%、0.9%—5.4%、5.9%—6.2%、5.5%—12.8%;产瓜期间主根区硝态氮含量降低9.1%—68.0%;灌水利用效率下降31.1%—49.3%。(2)与F1处理相比,F2、F3处理商品瓜总产量增加4.0%—7.9%;氮、磷、钾总吸收量显著增加,增幅分别为9.7%—13.1%、7.9%—11.8%、12.6%—17.3%;F2、F3处理产瓜期间主根区硝态氮含量增加38.0%—162.0%,分别保持在24.6—47.9、27.3—72.2 mg·kg^-1;但果实硝酸盐含量增加5.5%—14.6%,肥料利用效率下降32.1%—47.8%。(3)从全生育期角度综合肥水效应,W2F2处理能保持较高产量、肥水利用效率和较优品质,同时降低土壤氮素残留,为冬春茬黄瓜兼顾绿色生产与高产的滴灌肥水用量�【Objective】This study focused on determining the appropriate soil water parameters and the potential of soil nitrogen supply at different growth stages of drip irrigated cucumber to optimize the water and fertilizer management and to guarantee the sustainable green and high yield production.【Method】A plot experiment was conducted inside a greenhouse using cucumber as tested material during the winter-spring growing season.Drip irrigation with 3 water amounts(W1,W2 and W3)and 3 fertilizer amounts(F1,F2 and F3)were designed to form 9 combination treatments.The impacts of the irrigation and fertilization amounts on the fruit yield,qualities,nutrient uptakes,water and fertilizer use efficiencies,soil water contents and nutrient availabilities were analyzed in the study.The response relationships between the marketable yields,the root zone soil water and available nitrogen contents at different growth stages were built.【Result】(1)Compared with W1,the total marketable yields were increased by 11.1%-12.8%under W2 and W3.The marketable yields were deceased by 10.4%-17.7%under W3 during the 1st-2nd fertigation managements,but which increased by 10.8%-26.2%,21.2%-40.3%and 33.5%-46.4%under W2 and W3 during the 6th-8th,10th-12th and 14th-16th fertigation managements,respectively.The rootzone(0-40 cm soil layer)soil water contents were increased by 4.2-6.4 percentage point by maintaining at the soil relative water content of 79%-87% uder W2 and W3 and the N,P2O5 and K2O uptakes by 17.9%-20.2%,28.3%-36.3% and 25.9%-33.7%,respectively.However,the rootzone nitrate nitrogen contents were decreased by 9.1%-68.0%under W2 and W3,the water use efficiency by 31.1%-49.3%,and the fruit soluble solids,nitrate,soluble sugar and Vc contents by 7.4%-10.1%,0.9%-5.4%,5.9%-6.2% and 5.5%-12.8%,respectively.(2)Compared with F1,the total marketable yields were increased by 4.0%-7.9% under F2 and F3.The rootzone(0-40 cm soil layer)nitrate nitrogen contents were increased by 38.0%-162.0% under F2 and F3,and the N,P2O5 and K2O uptakes by

关 键 词：日光温室 滴灌 冬春茬黄瓜 土壤含水量控制值 土壤氮素供应值 肥水管理方案 

分 类 号：S64[农业科学—蔬菜学]