东海和黄海南部葛氏长臂虾资源状况及养殖潜力概述  

Analysis on resource status and aquaculture potential of Palaemon gravieri in the East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea

作　　者：汤晓建 宋大德 吴磊[1] 熊瑛[1,2] 徐锦忠 TANG Xiao-jian;SONG Da-de;WU Lei;XIONG Ying;XU Jin-zhong(Jiangsu Marine Fisheries Research Institute,Nantong Jiangsu 226007,China;Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省海洋水产研究所,江苏南通226007 [2]上海海洋大学,上海201306

出　　处：《海洋渔业》2019年第6期744-752,共9页Marine Fisheries

基　　金：江苏省农业农村综合信息统计监测调查-江苏海洋捕捞渔情信息采集(2019-SJ-016);南通市科技局项目(YYZ17076);农业部专项-东海区海洋渔业资源调查与监测研究专项(2019);江苏省水生野生动物普查专项

摘　　要：概述了近30年有关葛氏长臂虾(Palaemon gravieri)资源量、生物学特征等方面的研究进展和数据,剖析葛氏长臂虾资源演变趋势和生物学表征。葛氏长臂虾资源量的变化可分为3个阶段:20世纪80年代到90年代小幅上涨,20世纪90年代到21世纪初大幅下降,2009-2018年在波动中下降。葛氏长臂虾雌虾个体要明显大于雄虾,且繁殖高峰期雌多雄少;基本上全年抱卵,生长速度快,一年可长成为捕捞对象;磷脂含量较高(8.59‰~8.98‰)。基于东、黄海葛氏长臂虾的资源现状、生物学特性、营养价值及繁殖生长等养殖潜力分析,提出了葛氏长臂虾人工繁育的初步设想与建议,可从天然苗种采集和繁育入手,增殖自然资源并开展人工养殖以确保葛氏长臂虾资源的可持续利用并弥补市场供应趋紧的现状。The evolution of biological characteristics and resource dynamic of Palaemon gravieri by surveys on the East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea during recent 30 years was analyzed. The results showed that the resource dynamic of P. gravieri was divided into 3 stages: gradually ascending from the 1980 s to the 1990 s, then obviously falling from the 1990 s to early 21 st century, and finally declining with fluctuation during 2009-2018. The resource abundance was 6 872.2 t during 1986-1989, 9 458.2 t during 1998-1992 and 5 929.2 t during 2008-2009, assessed by using sweeping area method. And during 2009-2018, the catch per unit effort of P. gravieri was 3.11, 2.64, 1.61, 1.99, 0.79, 1.81, 2.51, 0.81, 0.40, and 0.67 kg·h-1, respectively. The resource abundance of P. gravieri decreased obviously from 1990 to 2018, which may be due to overexploitation with the rapid development of shrimp trawl net from the 1990 s. According to the biological characteristics of P. gravieri, the body size of the female was larger than that of the male and the quantity of the female was more than that of the male during the reproductive peak, which could improve the mating behavior and reproductive success in the shrimp ontogenetic stage. There was spawning stock of P. gravieri throughout the year in the East China Sea and the southern Yellow Sea. Therefore, the shrimp culture will not be restricted by the reproduction period of parent shrimp, which can avoid the appearence of a culture gap throughout the year and increase efficiently the shrimp culture production. And P. gravieri grew fast and could reach the commercially catchable size in just one year. P. gravieri contained more PUFA, especially DHA and EPA, compared with the composition of the phospholipid fatty acids of soybean and egg yolk. And the phosphatide content in P. gravieri was around 8.59‰~8.98‰, which contributed to the development and utilization of P. gravieri phosphatide in the future shrimp culture. On the basis of comprehensive analysis on the current resour

关 键 词：葛氏长臂虾 资源量 生物学表征 养殖潜力 东、黄海 

分 类 号：S931[农业科学—渔业资源] S968.22[农业科学—水产科学]