白洋淀底泥蓄积量及空间分布特征  

Sediment Accumulation and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Baiyangdian

作　　者：傅长锋[1] 康国强[1] 高秀芳[1] 陈平[1] 李爽 尹健婷 FU Changfeng;KANG Guoqiang;GAO Xiufang;CHEN Ping;LI Shuang;YIN Jianting(Hebei Research Institute of Investigation&Design of Water Conservancy&Hydropower,Tianjin 300250,China)

机构地区：[1]河北省水利水电勘测设计研究院

出　　处：《华北水利水电大学学报（自然科学版）》2019年第5期1-5,共5页Journal of North China University of Water Resources and Electric Power：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：河北省水利科研与推广计划项目(2017-06);天津市重点研发计划项目(18YFHBZC00010)

摘　　要：底泥是白洋淀水生态系统的组成部分,是入淀有机质、营养盐、污染物等的积蓄地,也是水土界面物质的交互带,对淀区水质、淀区生态环境有着重要影响。采用柱状取样器获取无扰动底泥柱状样,进行了近万组底泥物理、化学分析试验。结果表明:淤泥层多呈灰黑、黑色、深灰色,富含有机质,生物富集,下部黏土、壤土、粉细砂层理明显;底泥富含半腐烂的动植物残体有机质,含水率、压缩性高,强度、承载力低。淀区有底泥区域面积为200.84 km^2,占全淀面积的68.8%;无底泥区面积91.27km^2,占全淀面积的31.2%;淀区底泥分布厚度在0.05~0.40m。底泥营养盐氨氮含量自上而下略呈降低趋势,但下降趋势不明显;底泥总磷含量在0.0~0.1m深度内呈下降趋势,在0.1m深度附近出现拐点,往下略呈降低趋势;底泥总氮含量在0.0~0.2m深度内呈急速下降趋势,在0.2 m深度处出现拐点,往下略呈降低趋势;表层底泥总磷含量0.79g/kg,总氮含量1.44g/kg,有机质20.3g/kg。淀区底泥重金属含量总体上处于安全状态,但不同区域变化差异较大,重金属镉含量在0.0~0.1m深度内呈下降趋势,0.1m深度附近出现拐点,其他重金属含量从表层往深层含量变化很小,且规律性不明显。Sediment is one of the components of Baiyangdian water ecosystem.It is a storage area for organic matter,nutrient salts,pollutants,etc.It is also an interaction zone between water and soil interface materials,which has an important impact on the water quality and the ecological environment of the Baiyangdian area.The undisturbed columnar sediment samples were obtained by using columnar samplers,and nearly 10000 sets of physical and chemical analysis tests of sediment were carried out.The results show that the silt layer is mostly grayish black,black,dark gray,and it contains large amounts of organic matter,the stratification of clay,loam and silty-fine sand was clear.The sediment is rich in organic matter of semi-rotted animal and plant residues,with high water content and compressibility,low strength and bearing capacity.The area with sediment is 200.84 km^2,accounting for 68.8% of the total Baiyangdian area.The area without sediment is 91.27 km^2,accounting for 31.2% of the total Baiyangdian area.The thickness of the sediment in the Baiyangdian area ranges from 0.05 to 0.40m.The ammonia nitrogen content of the nutrient salt in the sediment decreases slightly from top to bottom,but the downward trend is not obvious.The total phosphorus content of sediment shows a decreasing trend within 0.0~0.1m depth,an inflection point appears near the depth of 0.1m,which shows a slight downward trend.The total nitrogen content of the sediment decreases rapidly within the depth of 0.0~0.2m,and an inflection point appears at the depth of 0.2m,with a slightly downward trend.The total phosphorus content in the surface sediment is 0.79 g/kg,the total nitrogen content is 1.44g/kg,and the organic matter is 20.3 g/kg.The heavy metal content in the sediments of the Baiyangdian area is generally in a safe state,but the variation of different regions is quite different.The heavy metal cadmium content shows a downward trend in the depth of 0.0~0.1m,and the inflection point appears near the depth of 0.1m.The content of other heavy metals

关 键 词：底泥 蓄积量 营养盐 重金属含量 白洋淀 

分 类 号：TV697[水利工程—水利水电工程]