2009-2018年陕西省小麦区试品种(系)抗主要病害趋势分析  

Trend Analysis of Comprehensive Resistance of Regional Trial Varieties(Lines) in Shaanxi Province during 2009-2018

作　　者：李娟 王文立[1] 王峭[1] 靳鹏飞 巢凯翔[1] 李强[1] 王保通[1] LI Juan;WANG Wenli;WANG Qiao;JIN Pengfei;CHAO Kaixiang;LI Qiang;WANG Baotong(State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas,College of Plant Protection,Northwest A&F University,Yangling,Shaanxi 712100,China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院/旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2019年第12期1443-1449,共7页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0300403,2018YFD0200500);陕西省技术创新引导专项(2017CGZH-HJ-01);国家小麦产业技术体系专项(CARS-3-1)

摘　　要：为了解2009-2018年陕西省区试小麦品种(系)对条锈病、白粉病和赤霉病三种主要病害的抗性变化趋势,对来自陕西省各育种单位提供的1200份小麦品种(系)进行三种病害的成株期人工接种鉴定。结果表明,1200份材料中,879份材料对条锈病表现抗病,303份材料对白粉病表现抗病,295份材料对赤霉病表现抗病,分别占鉴定材料总数的73.25%、25.25%和24.58%。其中,对条锈病表现免疫(近免疫)、高抗和中抗的分别有136份、223份和520份,分别占鉴定材料总数的11.33%、18.58%和43.33%;对白粉病表现免疫(近免疫)、高抗、中抗的分别有7份、111份和185份,分别占鉴定材料总数的0.58%、9.25%和15.42%;对赤霉病表现高抗、中抗的分别有107份和188份,分别占鉴定材料总数的8.92%和15.67%,没有发现对赤霉病免疫的品种(系)。供试材料除抗条锈病频率10年间保持基本平稳外,抗白粉病和赤霉病以及兼抗频率均表现先上升后下降的趋势。西农837、XC-29、西农223、9916、9925、陕943、惠麦286等20个品种(系)对1~3种病害具有较好抗性,可作为抗病品种推广或作为抗源材料。鉴定结果表明,2009-2018年陕西省区试小麦品种(系)对条锈病的抗性水平整体较高,对赤霉病与白粉病的抗性整体较差,应当加强综合抗病育种。In order to investigate the frequencies variation of comprehensive resistance to three major diseases of wheat stripe rust,powdery mildew and scab of the regional trial varieties(lines)in Shaanxi Province during 2009-2018,a total of 1200 sample collected from Shaanxi Province,were inoculated with three diseased fungus respectively at the adult plant stage every year.Among the 1200 materials resistance,879 materials showed resistance to stripe rust,taking up to 73.25%;303 materials had resistance gene to powdery mildew,taking up to 25.25%;295 materials showed resistance to Fusarium head blight,accounting for 24.58%.Among the 879 materials resistance to wheat stripe rust,the frequencies of immune/near immune,highly resistance and moderately resistant materials were 11.33%,18.58%and 43.33%,respectively.Among the 303 materials resistance to wheat powdery mildew,the frequencies of immune/near immune,highly resistance and moderately resistant materials were 0.58%,9.25%and 15.42%,respectively.Among the 295 materials resistance to Fusarium head blight,the frequencies of highly resistance and moderately resistant varieties were 8.92%and 15.67%.No varieties(lines)had immune/near immune to Fusarium head blight.The frequency of stripe rust resistant varieties remained basically stable during 2009-2018.The frequencies of powdery mildew and Fusarium head blight resistant varieties increased first and then decreased,and the frequencies of both resistances as well as them.A total of 20 varieties(lines)were evaluated to be resistant variety or material,such as Xinong 837,XC-29,Xinong 223,9916,9925,Shaan 943,Huimai 286 and so on.Overall,the wheat regional trial varieties(lines)of Shaanxi had high resistance to wheat stripe rust,but the resistance to scab and powdery mildew was poor.We should strengthen wheat comprehensive disease resistance breeding.

关 键 词：陕西省 区试品种 条锈病 白粉病 赤霉病 抗病性 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S330