汉中盆地水稻产量和土壤微生物对新型肥料的响应  

Response of Rice Yield and Soil Microorganisms to New Fertilizations in Hanzhong Basin

作　　者：崔月贞 吴玉红[1] 郝兴顺 张春辉[1] 王薇 冯瑞瑞 秦宇航[1] 王晓娥[1] CUI Yue-zhen;WU Yu-hong;HAO Xing-shun;ZHANG Chun-hui;WANG Wei;FENG Rui-rui;QIN Yu-hang;WANG Xiao-e(Hanzhong Agricultural Science Institute,Shaanxi Hanzhong 723000,China;Linwei District Agriculture Bureau,Shaanxi Weinan 741000,China)

机构地区：[1]汉中市农业科学研究所,陕西汉中723000 [2]临渭区农业局,陕西渭南741000

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2019年第11期2592-2599,共8页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：陕西省农业科技创新转化项目(NYKJ-2018-HZ01);陕西省科技厅农业科技创新与公关项目(2016NY-180)

摘　　要：【目的】通过田间试验研究新型肥料对汉中盆地水稻产量及稻田土壤微生物动态变化的影响,旨在筛选适宜于陕西南部水稻的新型肥料,为提高水稻产量、肥料利用率减少水源涵养区面源污染提供科学依据,也为施肥效应及土壤微生物响应机制的研究奠定基础。【方法】试验共设7个处理:不施肥(CK)、常规施肥(F)、腐殖酸氮肥(HA)、有机包膜纯净肥(OPF)、脲酶抑制剂(UI)、纳米碳增效肥(NSF)、90 d控释肥(CRF)。测定水稻产量及构成要素,采用稀释涂平板的方法测定水稻移栽前、苗期、分蘖期、孕穗期和成熟期0~20 cm土层的土壤微生物数量。【结果】90 d控释肥增加水稻有效穗数、穗粒数、结实率和千粒重,籽料产量较对照和常规施肥增幅分别为86.84%和8.3%,其对整个生育期细菌数量和B/F(细菌/真菌)值均有提高、对真菌数量均有降低,且在成熟期效果最显著;腐殖酸氮肥提高千粒重促进水稻增产,在水稻生长前期(苗期和分蘖期)提高土壤微生物总数量、细菌数量和B/F值,减小群落结构的变化;有机包膜纯净肥提高有效穗数促进水稻增产,显著降低整个生育期真菌数量,并在水稻后期(孕穗期和成熟期)提高B/F值,减小群落结构的变化。【结论】90 d控释肥、有机包膜纯净肥和腐殖酸氮肥应用效果较好,可提高作物产量和土壤微生物数量,且有利于改善群落结构,为适宜在汉中盆地水稻上使用的新型肥料。【Objective】The study aimed to screen new fertilizers suitable for rice in southern Shaanxi,provide scientific basis for improving rice yield and fertilizer utilization rate and reducing non-point source pollution in water conservation area,and lay a foundation for the study of fertilization effect and response mechanism of soil microorganisms,the research explored effects of different new fertilizations on yield of rice and microorganisms in rice field.【Method】Seven treatments were set up,including no fertilizer(CK),conventional urea(F),humic acid(HA),organic-coated pure fertilizer(OPF),urease inhibitor(UI),nano-synergistic fertilizer(NSF),90-day controlled-release fertilizer(CRF).The yield and yield components of rice under different treatments were determined.The number of soil microorganisms in 0-20 cm soil layer was determined by dilution method of plate counting at different stages,which includes pre-transplantation,seedling stage,tillering stage,booting stage and maturity stage of rice.【Result】The 90-day controlled-release fertilizer increased the effective panicle number,grain number per panicle,seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight of rice.Seed yield increased by 86.84% and 8.3% respectively compared with control and conventional fertilization.It increased the number of bacteria and B/F(bacteria/fungi)value,decreased the number of fungi,in the whole growth period.Moreover,the effect was most remarkable at maturity stage.Humic acid nitrogen fertilizer increased rice yield by increasing 1000-grain weight,increase soil microbial biomass,bacterial biomass and B/F value and reduce the change of community structure in early stage of rice growth(seedling stage and tillering stage).Organic-coated pure fertilizer promoted rice yield by increasing the number of effective panicles,significantly reduced the number of fungi in the whole growth period,and increased the B/F value and reduced the change of community structure in the late stage of rice(booting stage and maturity stage).【Conclusion】In thi

关 键 词：水稻 产量 新型肥料 土壤微生物 群落结构 

分 类 号：S143.1+5[农业科学—肥料学] S143.1+6[农业科学—农业基础科学]