控失尿素对水稻养分吸收利用及产量的影响  

Effects of Loss-control Urea on Rice Yield, Nutrients Uptake and Utilization

作　　者：姚单君 张爱华 杨爽 吴兴洪 张钦 陈正刚[1] 王培官 刘文启 YAO Dan-jun;ZHANG Ai-hua;YANG Shuang;WU Xing-hong;ZHANG Qin;CHEN Zheng-gang;WANG Pei-guan;LIU Wen-qi(Guizhou Institute of Soil and Fertilizer,GAAS,Guizhou Guiyang 550006,China;Guizhou University,Guizhou Guiyang 550025,China;Gaofeng Agricultural Service Centre in Guian New District,Guizhou Guian New District 561108,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所,贵州贵阳550006 [2]贵州大学,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵安新区高峰镇农业服务中心,贵州贵安新区561108

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2019年第11期2600-2606,共7页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：农业部植物营养与肥料学科群开放基金项目(APF2015028);贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合重大专项(20163001)];贵州省科技计划项目[黔科合支撑(20162837)];贵州省省院联合基金项目[黔科合LH字20147702)]

摘　　要：【目的】为控失尿素在贵州黄壤地区水稻生产上的应用提供理论依据。【方法】以乐优58水稻品种为试验材料,在施用等量磷、钾肥的基础上,以无氮和普通尿素为对照,研究控失剂添加量为1%、2%、3%、4%、5%和6%的控失尿素对水稻产量、养分积累及吸收利用的影响。【结果】随着控失尿素中控失剂添加量的增加,水稻产量变化无明显的规律性,但对水稻籽粒氮的积累量,秸秆氮、磷、钾的积累量以及地上部钾的积累量呈一定的规律性变化,同时对水稻氮素、磷素、钾素收获指数及钾素吸收效率也有规律性影响。施用添加1%~6%控失剂的控失尿素的水稻产量较普通尿素高,其中添加1%控失剂的控失尿素的增产效果最好,增产率为12.22%;用添加1%、2%和6%控失剂的控失尿素均有利于水稻对氮、磷、钾养分吸收与积累,且其在籽粒中的积累量更多,有利于水稻产量提高。添加3%控失剂的控失尿素则在水稻秸秆中的氮、磷、钾养分积累量较多,有利提高水稻的抵抗力,促进其成长。【结论】结合生产成本投入,在贵州黄壤地区以施用添加1%控失剂的控失尿素的对水稻生产效果最好。【Objective】The aim of this paper was to provide a theoretical reference for the application of loss-control urea in rice production in yellow soil.【Method】Based on the same application rates of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer,the rice cultivar Leyou 58 was employed to explore the effects of loss-control urea,with various adding amount of loss-control agent(1%,2%,3%,4%,5%,6%),on rice yield,nutrients uptake and utilization.Meanwhile,no nitrogen and common urea fertilizer were taken as the controls.【Result】No regular changes of rice yield observed with increasing the dosage of loss-control agent,while the accumulation of nitrogen in rice grain,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in rice straw,and potassium in aboveground parts showed regular variation.At the same time,regular changes were also observed on rice nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium harvest index and potassium absorption efficiency.Compared with common urea treatment,six kinds of loss-control urea with the loss-control agent of 1%-6%could increase the rice yield in some degree,among which 1%adding amount performed the best.The yield increasing rate was up to 12.22%.The adding amounts of 1%,2%and 6%enables absorption of nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium by rice and accumulation in the rice seeds sufficiently to promote the yield and quality of rice.The adding amount of 3%enhanced the accumulation of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium in rice straw,increased the resistance and promoted the growth.【Conclusion】To sum up,the effect of urea with 1%loss-control agent performed the best in rice production.

关 键 词：水稻 控失尿素 控失剂用量 产量 养分积累 养分吸收利用 

分 类 号：S511.062[农业科学—作物学]