红壤坡耕地免耕有机肥培肥对土壤质量和作物产量的影响  

Effect of No-tillage Organic Fertilization on Soil Quality and Crop Yield in Red Soil Sloping Cropland

作　　者：张庆[1] 何翔 杨佩文[1] 王应学[1] 高家卫 施竹凤 徐胜涛[1] 李铭刚[4] 杨群辉[1] 朱红业[1] ZHANG Qing;HE Xiang;YANG Pei-wen;WANG Ying-xue;GAO Jia-wei;SHI Zhu-feng;XU Sheng-tao;LI Ming-gang;YANG Qun-hui;ZHU Hong-ye(Institute of Agricultural Environmental Resources,Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Yunnan Kunming 650205,China;College of Plant Protection,Yunnan Agricultural University,Yunnan Kunming 650201,China;Soil and Fertilizer Station of Malong,Yunnan Qujing 655100,China;Yunnan University,Yunnan Kunming 650091,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省农业科学院农业环境资源研究所,云南昆明650205 [2]云南农业大学植物保护学院,云南昆明650201 [3]曲靖市马龙区土壤肥料工作站,云南曲靖655100 [4]云南大学,云南昆明650091

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2019年第11期2646-2651,共6页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31663600);公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201503119-03-02);农业农村部西南山地农业环境重点实验室开放基金(AESMA-OPP-2019001)

摘　　要：【目的】在滇中典型红壤坡耕地区域设置长期定位试验,考察旱作免耕有机肥培肥对土壤质量和作物产量的影响。【方法】以免耕未施有机肥处理(NA)为对照,设置免耕有机肥培肥(NE)长期定位试验,研究2015-2018年连续4年免耕有机肥培肥处理后对土壤质量及玉米产量的影响。【结果】NE处理在0~20、20~40 cm 2个土层深度的田间持水量分别提高10.26%~9.46%,土壤含水量分别提高6.32%、9.11%;在0~20、20~40、40~60 cm 3个土层土壤pH分别提高10.80%、7.19%和3.54%,有机质分别提高18.47%、23.02%和30.86%,土壤全氮分别提高11.28%、17.86%和16.22%,土壤碱解氮分别提高7.33%、16.21%和7.36%;提高了Proteobacteria、Acidobacteria和Gemmatimonadetes等3个门类的细菌种群丰度,分别提高23.65%、39.72%和42.08%,而降低了Chloroflexi和Actinobacteria的种群丰度,分别减少53.03%和49.15%;玉米秸秆生物量提高10.86%,玉米产量提高20.09%。【结论】免耕有机肥培肥在一定程度上可以提高土壤质量和作物产量,是实现红壤坡耕地合理耕层构建的有效措施。【Objective】A long-term positioning experiment of no-tillage organic fertilization was carried out to investigate the effects of conservation tillage on soil quality and crop yield in the typical red soil sloping cropland in central Yunnan Province.【Method】In this study,no-tillage without organic fertilization treatment(NA)was used as a control experiment,and long-term positioning experiment of no-tillage organic fertilization(NE)was set up,and the effects of NE on soil quality and crop yield were studied from 2015 to 2018.【Result】The results showed that the field moisture capacity increased by 10.26% and 9.46%,and the water content of soil increased by 6.32% and 9.11% in NE treatment in the depth of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm,respectively.The soil pH in the three soil layers of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm increased by 10.80%,7.19% and 3.54%,the organic matter increased by 18.47%,23.02% and 30.86%,the soil total nitrogen increased by 11.28%,17.86% and 16.22%,the soil available nitrogen increased by 7.33%,16.21%and 7.36%,respectively.The bacterial abundance of Proteobacteria,Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes increased by 23.65%,39.72% and 42.08%,and the abundance of Chloroflexi and Actinobacteria was reduced by 53.03% and 49.15%,respectively.The biomass of corn stalks increased by 10.86% and the yield of corn increased by 20.09%.【Conclusion】No-tillage organic fertilization is an effective measure to realize the rational tillage construction of red soil sloping cropland,which can improve soil quality,crop yield and bacterial population structure.

关 键 词：山原红壤 免耕 有机肥 理化性状 微生物 

分 类 号：S157[农业科学—土壤学]