25个蝴蝶兰品种气孔特征及其相关性研究和分类学意义  

Leaf Stomatal Characteristics and Correlation Analysis of 25 Phalaenopsis Cultivars and Taxonomic Significance

作　　者：何荆洲[1] 黄昌艳[1] 闫海霞[1] 覃耿敏 卜朝阳[1] HE Jing-zhou;HUANG Chang-yan;YAN Hai-xia;QIN Geng-min;BU Zhao-yang(Flowers Institute of Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Guangxi Nanning 530007,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院花卉研究所

出　　处：《西南农业学报》2019年第11期2661-2669,共9页Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：广西科技重大专项项目(桂科AA17204046-1);广西科技基地和人才专项项目(桂科AD17129023);广西农业科学院团队项目(桂农科2015Y89)

摘　　要：【目的】通过探讨蝴蝶兰叶片气孔特征并对其进行相关性分析和聚类分析,为开发和利用蝴蝶兰种质资源、完善蝴蝶兰系统分类提供参考依据。【方法】以蝴蝶兰25个品种为供试材料,对其13个气孔特征指标(上表皮细胞数、上表皮气孔数、下表皮细胞数、下表皮气孔数、气孔密度、气孔指数、外纵径、外横径、内纵径、内横径、气孔开度、气孔面积和气孔比)进行测量分析。【结果】①蝴蝶兰叶片上下表皮的细胞形状为多边无规则形,气孔排列属无规则型。②供试蝴蝶兰品种的各气孔特征指标均存在差异显著性,其中20个蝴蝶兰品种上表皮气孔数多于下表皮气孔数,占供试品种的80%;R7的下表皮在所观测的5个视野中均未找到气孔器,其气孔器的外纵径(18.48 mm)、内纵径(8.3 mm)、内横径(9.99 mm)、气孔开度(84.6)、气孔面积(375.92 mm^2)和气孔比(0.72)在所有供试品种中均为最小;25个供试品种的气孔比为0.72~1.35,说明蝴蝶兰各品种气孔器形状主要呈圆形或扁圆形,与直观观测形状相一致。③相关性分析结果表明,13个叶片气孔指标间具有较高的相关性。④通过主成分分析,13个气孔特征指标可以综合为4个主成分,前4个主成分累计贡献率达91.062%。⑤聚类分析结果表明,在欧氏距离15处可将25个蝴蝶兰栽培种分为3类,第Ⅰ类包含大花型紫红色线纹蝴蝶兰2种,第Ⅱ类包含小花型紫红色线纹蝴蝶兰1种,第Ⅲ包含非线纹或线纹非紫红色蝴蝶兰22种。【结论】气孔特征指标可作为蝴蝶兰分类的依据之一。【Objective】In order to use Phalaenopsis germplasm resources and perfect the systematic classification of Phalaenopsis,stomatal characteristics were studied,then the indexes were evaluated by correlation analysis and cluster analysis of Phalaenopsis leaves.【Method】25 cultivars of Phalaenopsis were used as test materials,their 13 stomatal characteristics index(The number of upper epidermis cells,the stomatal number of upper epidermis,the number of lower epidermis cells,the stomatal number of lower epidermis,the stomatal density,the stomatal index,the outer longitudinal diameter,the outer transverse diameter,the inner longitudinal diameter,the inner transverse diameter,the stomatal opening,the stomatal area and the stomatal ratio)were measured and analyzed.【Result】(i)The cell shape of the upper and lower epidermis of the Phalaenopsis leaf was polygonal irregular,and the arrangement of stomata was irregular.(ii)There were significant differences in the stomatal charactal of Phalaenopsis.The stomatal characteristics of 20 Phalaenopsis cultivars were more than that of the lower epidermis,accounting for 80%of the total.No stomatal apparatus was found in the lower epidermis of R7.The outer longitudinal diameter,inner longitudinal diameter,inner transverse diameter,stomatal opening,stomatal area and stomatal ratio of R7 were the smallest among the tested varieties,which were 18.48 mm,8.3 mm,9.99 mm,84.6,375.92 mm^2 and 0.72,respectively.From 0.72 to 1.35,the shape of stomatal organs of Phalaenopsis species was mainly round or oblate,which was consistent with the visual observation.(iii)Correlation analysis showed that there was a high correlation between stomatal indexes of the 13 leaves.(iv)Through the principal component analysis,13 stomatal characteristics could be synthesized into 4 principal components,and the cumulative contribution rate of the first four principal components was 91.062%.(v)The result of cluster analysis showed that 25 Phalaenopsis could be divided into 3 categories at Euclidean distance

关 键 词：蝴蝶兰 气孔结构 气孔特征 

分 类 号：S682.31[农业科学—观赏园艺]