秦县级公田的劳动力供给与垦种运作  

The Labor Supply and Farming Operations on County-level Public Land in Qin Bamboo Slips

作　　者：刘鹏 LIU Peng(School of Social Development,Yangzhou University,Yangzhou,225002)

机构地区：[1]扬州大学社会发展学院

出　　处：《北京社会科学》2019年第12期37-49,共13页Social Sciences of Beijing

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“新出简牍与秦汉土地制度研究”(19BZS023)

摘　　要：秦简所见的“公田”“官田”是不同时期秦政府所经营管理田地的称谓,后者确系由前者改称而来。派遣徒隶垦种公田除数量要满足所需外,垦田技能也是一种重要考量。这些徒隶几乎覆盖了当时所有的刑徒种类,其口粮表面上由田官供给,实质上仍可能是由其原监管部门发放。戍卒、百姓居赀赎债者等自由民被派遣垦种公田,其口粮多由田官禀给,在朔日或月初发放。里耶秦简所见禀食标准与睡虎地秦简规定有异,当是秦统一前后禀食制度变化的一种体现。在开垦荒田、种粮配置、禾稼生长、谷物收获等各个阶段,秦政府制定的指导原则和提供的制度保障都堪称科学严密,这些对公田生产的合理有效进行都具有重要意义。“Gongtian”(公田)and“Guantian”(官田)in Qin bamboo slips were the names of fields managed by the Qin government in different periods,and the latter was renamed from the former.In addition to the quantity,farming skills were also an important consideration when sending Tuli(徒隶)to the public land.These covered almost all types of criminals at that time,whose rations were ostensibly supplied by Tianguan(田官),and in fact might still be issued by their original regulatory authorities.However,when free people such as Shuzu(戍卒)and Juzishuzhai(居赀赎债)were dispatched to cultivate public fields,their rations were mostly given by Tianguan and distributed on the first day of the month or early month.The standard for distributing food in Liye(里耶)was different from that of Shuihudi(睡虎地),and it should be a reflection of the changes in the distributing food system before and after the Qin reunification.In the various stages of reclamation such as grain allocation,crop growth and grain harvesting,the guiding principles and system guarantees formulated by the government were scientifically rigorous.These were of great significance for the rational and effective implementation of the public land production.

关 键 词：公田 田官 徒隶 运作 里耶秦简 

分 类 号：K204[历史地理—历史学]