果实种类及发育阶段对梨小食心虫幼虫钻蛀率和蛹重的影响  

Effects of fruit species and developmental stage on the larval boring rate and pupal weight of Grapholitha molesta (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae)

作　　者：庾琴[1,2] 杜恩强[1] 封云涛[1] 郭晓君[1] 张润祥[1] 郝赤[2] YU Qin;DU En-Qiang;FENG Yun-Tao;GUO Xiao-Jun;ZHANG Run-Xiang;HAO Chi(Shanxi Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management in Agriculture, Institute of Plant Protection, Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taiyuan 030031, China;Agricultural College, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi 030801, China)

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院植物保护研究所,农业有害生物综合治理山西省重点实验室,太原030031 [2]山西农业大学农学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2019年第11期1297-1304,共8页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：山西省重点研发计划项目(201803D221015-2);国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0200505);山西省农科院特色农业技术攻关项目(YGG17109)

摘　　要：【目的】明确梨小食心虫Grapholitha molesta在寄主果实上的钻蛀率和蛹重与寄主种类和果实发育阶段的关系,为其田间预测预报和综合防控提供技术依据。【方法】在室内条件下测定了接卵后72 h梨小食心虫初孵幼虫在不同发育阶段的3个种共6个品种水果[苹果Malus pumila(嘎啦苹果),桃Amygdalus persica(大久保毛桃、丰白毛桃和霞光油桃),梨Pyrus bretschneideri(砀山酥梨和玉露香梨)]果实上的钻蛀率以及在不同果实状态的4个水果品种(大久保毛桃、丰白毛桃、砀山酥梨和玉露香梨)果实上72 h的钻蛀率;比较了接卵后24 h和72 h初孵幼虫在不同发育阶段的3个苹果品种(嘎啦苹果、富士苹果和金冠苹果)果实上的钻蛀率;并测定了不同发育阶段的金冠苹果、富士苹果、嘎啦苹果、砀山酥梨和丰白毛桃上的梨小食心虫蛹重。【结果】接卵后72 h梨小食心虫初孵幼虫在6个不同水果品种果实上的钻蛀率从高到低依次为:霞光油桃>嘎啦苹果>砀山酥梨>玉露香梨>大久保毛桃>丰白毛桃;除霞光油桃外,其他5个水果品种果实的发育阶段显著影响初孵幼虫钻蛀率。对于嘎啦苹果,接卵后72 h初孵幼虫在其幼果上的钻蛀率最高(73.69%),在其着色期果实上钻蛀率最低(32.51%);在大久保毛桃、丰白毛桃、砀山酥梨和玉露香梨上,接卵后72 h初孵幼虫的钻蛀率均随果实生长发育而增加。初孵幼虫在3个苹果品种着色期和成熟期果实上的钻蛀率随处理时间的增加而显著下降,而在其幼果上变化不显著。寄主种类及其发育阶段也显著影响梨小食心虫蛹重,成熟毛桃和梨饲养的雌、雄蛹重显著高于未成熟果实饲养的蛹重,着色期苹果不利于蛹重的增加。【结论】果实种类及发育阶段显著影响梨小食心虫初孵幼虫钻蛀率和蛹重,取食成熟期梨和桃的梨小食心虫初孵幼虫钻蛀率和蛹重显著高于取食未成熟果实的个体。【Aim】This study aims to clarify the relationship between the boring rate and pupal weight of the oriental fruit moth,Grapholitha molesta,on host fruits and host species and fruit developmental stage,so as to provide the theoretical basis for its prediction and control.【Methods】The boring rates of the newly hatched larvae of G.molesta on fruits of six varieties of three fruit species[Malus pumila(variety Gala apple),Amygdalus persica(varieties Dajiubao peach,Fengbai peach and Xiaguang nectarine),Pyrus bretschneideri(varieties Dangshan pear and Yuluxiang pear)]at different developmental stages and on four fruit varieties(Dajiubao peach,Fengbai peach,Dangshan pear and Yuluxiang pear)with different fruit statuses at 72 h post inoculating eggs were determined in the laboratory.The boring rates of the newly hatched larvae on different apple varieties(Gala apple,Fuji apple and Golden delicious apple)at different developmental stages at 24 h and 72 h post inoculating eggs were compared.The pupal weight of G.molesta on Golden delicious apple,Fuji apple,Gala apple,Dangshan pear and Fengbai peach at different developmental stages were also determined.【Results】The boring rate of the newly hatched larvae of G.molesta at 72 h post inoculating eggs was the highest on Xiaguang nectarine,followed by on Gala apple,Dangshan pear,Yuluxiang pear,Dajiubao peach and Fengbai peach.Except Xiaguang nectarine,the developmental stage of the other five fruits significantly affected the boring rate of the newly hatched larvae.The boring rates of the newly hatched larvae at 72 h post inoculating eggs were 73.69%and 32.51%on young fruit and coloring fruit of Gala apple,respectively.The boring rates of the newly hatched larvae on Dajiubao peach,Fengbai peach,Dangshan pear and Yuluxiang pear at 72 h post inoculating eggs increased with the developmental stage of host fruits.The boring rates of the newly hatched larvae on the coloring fruits and mature fruits of three apple varieties significantly reduced with treatment time,but the bo

关 键 词：梨小食心虫 寄主植物 水果品种 果实发育阶段 钻蛀率 蛹重 

分 类 号：Q968[生物学—昆虫学]