蚜虫唾液蛋白研究进展  

Advances in aphid salivary protein research

作　　者：尚哲明 刘德广[1] SHANG Zhe-Ming;LIU De-Guang(College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China)

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学植物保护学院

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2019年第12期1435-1447,共13页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31572002)

摘　　要：蚜虫属于半翅目蚜科,多为重要的农业害虫,通过刺吸式口器吸食植物汁液,传播病毒,其爆发常常造成重大经济损失。在漫长的协同进化历程中,植物建立了高效的防御系统以应对蚜虫威胁。为了克服植物的防御反应,蚜虫也发展了相应的反制手段,其中蚜虫在取食过程中分泌的唾液蛋白能调控植物防御反应,降解植物次生物质,从而在蚜虫与植物互作中发挥着至关重要的作用。本文综述了蚜虫唾液蛋白的组分鉴定方法和相关蛋白的功能,并对唾液蛋白在蚜虫防治的应用和今后的研究方向进行了展望。常见的蚜虫唾液蛋白组分的鉴定和分析方法包括唾液蛋白的酶活性分析、唾液蛋白组学分析、唾液腺转录组学和蛋白组学分析等。但这些方法各有利弊,仅采取一种分析方法不能客观全面地反映蚜虫唾液蛋白分泌谱,多种技术手段联合分析方可提供更为逼真详实的信息。蚜虫唾液蛋白种类繁多,可分为解毒酶、保护酶、水解酶、结合功能蛋白以及分类未知的效应蛋白等。蚜虫唾液蛋白功能多样,能参与唾液鞘的形成,诱导植物防御反应,促进蚜虫取食,提高蚜虫繁殖力等。通过RNAi干扰唾液蛋白编码基因会显著改变蚜虫取食行为,并降低蚜虫存活率、产蚜量和适合度。因此,唾液蛋白是防控蚜虫的理想靶标。目前,采用寄主诱导的基因沉默(host-induced gene silencing,HIGS)技术已培育了数种靶向唾液蛋白基因的高效抗蚜作物品系,展示出了良好的应用前景。从目前研究来看,各种蚜虫唾液蛋白谱急需采用多组学手段联合分析的方法来进行完整解析。各种唾液蛋白的具体功能方面的研究还严重缺乏,需从蚜虫、植物、两者之间的互作等多维度探究唾液蛋白的作用及相关的分子机制,为发展基于蚜虫唾液蛋白调控的蚜虫防治新策略打下基础。Aphids(Hemiptera:Aphididae),a group of important agricultural pests,ingest plant phloem sap and transmit plant viruses with piercing-sucking mouthparts.The outbreak of aphids often causes serious economic losses.In the long history of co-evolution,plants have established effective defense systems against the threat of aphids.In order to overcome these plant defenses,aphids also have developed sophisticated countermeasures.Among them,aphids secrete salivary proteins during the feeding process,which can modulate plant defenses and degrade plant secondary metabolites.Therefore,salivary proteins play a critical role in plant-aphid interactions.In this review,we summarized recent advances in the identification of aphid salivary proteins and the functional research of associated proteins,and brought forward the prospects about application of salivary proteins in aphid control and new directions for future research.Common methods used to identify and predict aphid salivary proteins include enzymatic activity assay of salivary proteins,proteomic analysis of aphid saliva,and transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of salivary glands.However,these methods all have their own advantages and disadvantages,and individual method may just reveal partial real information of the whole aphid secretome.The combination of different techniques can provide more realistic and detailed information.Aphid salivary proteins can be classified into various categories including detoxifying enzymes,protective enzymes,hydrolases,binding domain proteins,effector proteins of unknown function categories and so on.Aphid salivary proteins have multiple functions,such as participating in salivary sheath formation,inducing or repressing plant defenses,promoting aphid feeding and enhancing aphid fecundity.Silencing aphid salivary protein coding genes via RNAi technology can significantly affect feeding behaviors,and decrease aphid survival rate,fecundity and fitness.Therefore,aphid salivary proteins are ideal targets for manipulation in aphid control.Now,

关 键 词：蚜虫 唾液蛋白 唾液蛋白组 效应蛋白 寄主防御反应 绿色防治 

分 类 号：Q965[生物学—昆虫学]