无偿献血者血液抗-HIV筛查与确证情况探讨  

Exploration on the screening and confirmation of anti-HIV in blood of voluntary blood donors

作　　者：肖韶英[1] 黄爱琼[1] 卢伟钳 XIAO Shaoying;HUANG Aiqiong;LU Weiqian(Guangzhou Blood Center,Guangzhou Key Medical Laboratory(Blood Safety Key Laboratory),Guangzhou 510095,China)

机构地区：[1]广州血液中心广州市医学重点实验室(血液安全重点实验室)

出　　处：《中国医药科学》2019年第22期284-287,共4页China Medicine And Pharmacy

基　　金：广东省广州市医学重点学科建设项目（血液安全重点实验室）（穗卫科教[2016]27号）

摘　　要：目的探讨分析无偿献血者血液抗-HIV筛查与确证情况。方法选取2016年1月~2019年7月本中心进行无偿献血的1071489例志愿者的血液样本为实验材料,先使用酶联免疫吸附实验(ELISA)对血液样本进行抗-HIV检查,使用ELISA试剂盒对样本进行检验,如有试剂显示为阳性则将此样本记录为筛查结果为抗-HIV为阳性的样本,再使用蛋白免疫印迹试验(WB法)对筛查结果为阳性的样本进行确证。结果在1071489份样本中有266份样本被初次筛选为抗-HIV阳性,通过确认检查其中有250例确认为抗-HIV阳性,筛查为抗-HIV阳性的概率为0.025%(266/1071489),确证为抗-HIV阳性的概率为0.023%(250/1071489)。这250例HIV感染者对自己的感染情况未知,后续调查分析这250例感染者中有174例为异性传播,76例为同性传播。结论血站应该建立完善的抗-HIV筛查与确证机制,提高筛选的准确率,提高血液的质量,加强对公众的预防艾滋病的宣传力度,增加民众对艾滋病的检查意识。Objective To exploration and analyze the screening and confirmation of anti-HIV in blood of voluntary blood donors.Methods The blood samples of 1,071,489 volunteers who came to this center for free blood donation between January 2016 and July 2019 were selected as the experimental materials.First,the blood samples were tested for anti-HIV using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),and the samples were tested by ELISA kit.If any reagent showed positive,the samples were recorded as anti-HIV positive.Then Western blot(WB)was applied to confirm the positive samples.Results 266 of 1,071,489 samples were screened as anti-HIV positive for the first time.250 of them were confirmed to be anti-HIV positive after the confirmation test.The probability of screening as anti-HIV positive was 0.025%(266/1,071,489),and the probability of confirming as anti-HIV positive was 0.023%(250/1,071,489).The 250 HIV infected people were not aware of their own status.Follow-up survey showed that 174 of the 250 HIV infected people were heterosexual transmission,76 were homosexual transmission.Conclusion It is recommended that the blood station establish a sound anti-HIV screening and confirmation mechanism,improve the accuracy of screening,promote the quality of blood,strengthen the publicity of AIDS prevention,and increase the public awareness of HIV examination.

关 键 词：无偿献血者 血液抗-HIV筛查 酶联免疫吸附实验 蛋白免疫印迹试验 

分 类 号：R512.91[医药卫生—内科学]