岛弧-陆缘弧环境斑岩Cu±Mo±Au矿床勘查：地质标志应用  

Exploration of porphyry Cu±Mo±Au deposits in island arc and continental margin arc environment:Application of geological indexes

作　　者：卿敏[1] 王文成 李文博 张乐骏 张岱[4] 韩先菊[4] QING Min;WANG WenCheng;LI WenBo;ZHANG LeJun;ZHANG Dai;HAN XianJu(China Gold Group Resources Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100011,China;School of Earth and Space Science,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;CODES ARC Center of Excellence in Ore Deposits,University of Tasmania,Hobart 7005,Tasmania,Australia;Gold Geological Institute of CAPF,Langfang 065000,Hebei,China)

机构地区：[1]中国黄金集团资源有限公司,北京100011 [2]北京大学地球与空间科学学院,北京100871 [3]CODES ARC Centre of Excellence in Ore Deposits,University of Tasmania,澳大利亚塔斯马尼亚霍巴特7005 [4]武警黄金地质研究所,河北廊坊065000

出　　处：《矿床地质》2019年第6期1223-1244,共22页Mineral Deposits

基　　金：中国地质调查局矿产资源调查评价项目“全国金矿找矿勘查部署研究”（编号：1212011121128）资助

摘　　要：斑岩Cu±Mo±Au矿床(以下简称斑岩铜矿)因其巨大的经济价值而倍受勘查界重视。文章基于国内外,尤其是国外斑岩型铜-金(多金属)矿床最新勘查和研究进展,系统总结了岛弧-陆缘弧环境斑岩铜矿勘查地质标志及其找矿应用实践,包括:①大地构造环境分析,宏观上确定斑岩铜矿勘查选区。弧环境斑岩铜矿勘查应重点部署在与大洋俯冲有关的岛弧、陆缘弧等增生造山火山岩浆弧环境;②区域及矿田构造解析,不断缩小找矿靶区。与弧/造山带形成演化应力有关的超壳深大断裂系统控制矿带空间展布,断裂、褶皱、火山(地层)以及岩浆侵入等矿田构造体系控制矿床(体)分布;③岩石化学成分、矿物组成以及岩石结构等含矿斑岩体特征及成矿专属性判断,确定斑岩铜矿找矿目标体;④蚀变分带对成矿斑岩体和富矿区(矿体)指向。从深部到浅部、从核心到外围,钙碱性斑岩铜矿蚀变类型分别为钠-钙(硅酸盐)化、钾(硅酸盐)化、青磐岩化(细化为高温阳起石内带、中温绿帘石中带和低温绿泥石外带)、绢英岩化和泥化;碱性斑岩铜矿蚀变组合为钙-钾化、钾化、内青磐岩化带(阳起石-赤铁矿-绿帘石带)、外青磐岩化带(钠长石-阳起石带)和远青磐岩化带(绿泥石带);⑤岩帽特征对深部斑岩体和潜在富矿中心指向。钙碱性斑岩铜矿形成的岩帽由多孔状(晶洞发育)的硅质核,外侧高级泥化带(石英-明矾石带)和泥化带(高岭石±迪开石带)组成;碱性斑岩铜矿形成以钠长石化为核心、外围(上部)为钠长石-绢云母带的碱性岩帽;⑥脉体和角砾岩(筒)时空分布及其对勘查靶区(位)指向。A、B、D型脉以及C、M型脉等脉体类型、密度以及石英中残余硫化物详细填图是矿区勘查靶区定位和矿石品位预测有效指标之一;3大类、7种主要类型角砾岩在斑岩铜矿中时、空间分布可作为找矿评价的参考标志;⑦�Porphyry Cu±Mo±Au deposits(hereinafter referred to as porphyry copper deposits)are attracting much attention of exploration world because of their immense economic value.This paper systematically summarized prospecting geological marks with emphasis played on porphyry copper deposits occurring in island arc and continental margin arc environments and their applications in guiding exploration based on the most advanced research and the latest discovery,especially in abroad,including:①Determining the porphyry copper deposit exploration districts at macro level by tectonic environment analysis.The prospecting of arc environment porphyry copper deposits must focus in hyperplasia orogenic volcano magma arc environments,such as island arc and continental margin arc.②Prospecting target areas continuously narrowing through structural analysis of districts and ore fields.Ultracrustal deep faults,which are related to the evolution stress of arc/orogenic belt,control ore belts spatial distribution.Structural systems of ore field,including fault,fold,volcanic(strata)and magma intrusion system,control the distribution of ore deposits(orebodies).③Determining metallogenic specialization and characteristics of porphyry orebodies such as chemical composition,mineral constituents,rock structures,then ascertaining the prospecting target.④Wall rock alteration zoning can be directly used to determine the ore-bearing porphyries and ore shoots.From deep part to shallow part,also from the core to the periphery,the alteration types of calcium alkaline porphyry copper deposits are in order of Na-Ca modification(silicatazation),K modification(silicification),propylitization(subdivided into high temperature actinolite inner subzone,middle temperature epidote central subzone and low temperature chlorite outside subzone),sericitic alteration and argillization.Accordingly,the alteration assemblages of alkaline porphyry copper deposit are Ca-K modification,K modification,inner propylitization(actinolite-hematite-epidote subzone),outer

关 键 词：地质学 岛弧-陆缘弧环境 斑岩Cu±Mo±Au矿床 地质标志 勘查应用 

分 类 号：P618.41[天文地球—矿床学] P618.51[天文地球—地质学]