经皮内镜下胃造瘘术的适应证、放置条件、操作及护理  

Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy: A Practical Overview on Its Indications,Placement Conditions,Management,and Nursing Care

作　　者：李硕果 单探幽[1] 孔国强 LI Shuo-guo;SHAN Tan-you;KONG Guo-qiang(College of Clinical Medicine,The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学临床医学院第一附属医院

出　　处：《食管疾病》2019年第4期59-61,共3页Journal of Esophageal Diseases

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(81972571)

摘　　要：经皮内镜下胃造瘘术(PEG)能够为吞咽不利或者不能进食的患者提供最安全有效的进食方法,使它在临床得到更广泛的应用。从它的适应证、放置条件、操作及护理方面做一综述。它的适应证不仅有退行性神经肌肉疾病,在肿瘤和儿科患者中也占有优势。它的并发症与营养不良和某些器官功能衰竭有关,合理选择适应证、抗生素预防感染、适当的护理、良好的手术操作可以减少并发症的发生,使医护人员、患者、家属获益。PEG能够使吞咽不利或者不能进食的患者获益。Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG)feeding represents the most effective and safest option for feeding patients with an impaired or diminished swallowing ability,despite having a functioning digestive system.In order to it more widely used in clinical.This review aims toits indications,placement conditions,management,and nursing care.The use of PEG has evolved to be useful in many situations beyond degenerative neuromuscular disorders,with an increasing body of evidence supporting the advantages of PEG tubes in oncologic and pediatric patients.Risk factors for complications after PEG tube placement associated with malnutrition and several organic disorders.Patients suitable for PEG tube placement should be individually identified to implement the advantages of this technique while minimizing risk events.The safety of placing a PEG tube in patients under antibiotic prophylaxis in reducing peristomal infection.Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy-related complications are rare and mostly prevented by appropriate nursing care.Best medical practice and nursing care will ensure optimal performance leading to a wider acceptance,and greater utility of PEG by healthcare professionals,patients,and caregivers.PEG feed as the most valuable access for patients with a functional gastrointestinal system who have abnormalities in swallowing mechanisms.

关 键 词：经皮胃镜下胃造瘘术 吞咽不利 胃肠内营养 

分 类 号：R459.3[医药卫生—治疗学]