机构地区:[1]南方现代林业协同创新中心,江苏南京210037 [2]南京林业大学林学院,江苏南京210037 [3]中国林业科学院林产化工研究所,江苏南京210042
出 处:《生态环境学报》2019年第12期2416-2424,共9页Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基 金:江苏省林业三新工程项目(LYSX[2014]10);江苏省自主创新项目(CX(17)1004);江苏省优势学科建设工程项目(PAPD)
摘 要:为实现食用菌菌渣的合理处置及资源化利用,以食用菌菌渣、鸡粪和豆渣为原料,共设计3个堆肥处理(菌渣与黄豆渣混堆,C1;菌渣与鸡粪混堆,C2;菌渣直接堆制,C3),通过高温好氧堆肥方式研究堆肥过程中相关腐熟度指标及红外光谱的动态变化。结果表明,堆肥过程中温度变化经历了3个阶段,50℃以上高温持续时间均大于10 d。pH总体呈上升趋势,至堆肥结束达到8.0—9.0之间,符合腐熟堆肥的标准;EC值在1.0—2.5 mS·cm−1范围内浮动,C1处理的EC值大于C3的EC值;C/N总体呈下降趋势,堆肥结束时3种处理的比值均低于20;种子发芽指数(GI)随着堆肥过程逐渐上升,至21 d时,3种处理的GI值均超过50%,堆肥结束时,C3的GI值达到72.46%,C1、C2的GI值分别为81.02%和82.36%。堆肥过程中胡敏酸(HA)含量逐渐升高,富里酸(FA)的含量变化不大,3种处理胡敏酸与富里酸的比值(HA/FA)总体呈升高趋势,C1、C2和C3的HA/FA值分别由初始的2.38、2.20和2.28增加到3.92、3.22和3.82。红外光谱数据表明,随着堆肥过程的进行,多糖类物质含量减少,有机物中不饱和结构的多聚化或联合程度增大,芳香结构物质与氨基基团有所增加,说明堆肥过程中有机物质的变化规律先是大分子物质(如蛋白质、多糖类等)被降解,然后是腐殖质类物质的逐渐合成。To realize rational disposal and resource utilization of mushroom residue and other solid wastes, mushroom residue, bean dregs or chicken manures were collected as materials for aerobic composting. Three composting treatments were designed as C1 (mushroom residue with bean dregs), C2 (mushroom residue and chicken manure) and C3 (mushroom residue) and carried out to study the dynamics of maturity indexes. The selected fundamental properties of composts were monitored during mushroom residue composting, which included temperature, pH, electronic conductivity (EC), C/N, seed germination index (GI) and contents of humic acid and fulic acid. Composts chemical structures were also characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results showed that, during composting, there were three stages of temperature fluctuation, and the duration with temperature higher than 50 ℃ was longer than 10 days for all the three manures. Values of pH of three composting treatments increased to 8.0 9.0 at the end of composting, in line with the general standard that the compost pH value. EC values were fluctuated from 1.0 to 2.5 ms cm 1, and the value of mushroom residues with bean dregs or chicken manures was higher than that of mushroom residues during composting. C/N decreased to less than 20 when composting finished. The germination indexes of composts at 21d were all higher than 50%, and at the end of composting, GI values of mushroom residues compost, mushroom residues with bean dregs, and with chicken manures were 72.46%, 81.02% and 82.36%, respectively. The contents of HA and the ration of humic acid to fulic acid (HA/FA) of three treatments were increased gradually, however, FA contents changed small in composting period. HA/FA was increased from 2.38, 2.20 and 2.28 at the beginning of composting to 3.92, 3.22 and 3.82 at the end of composting for mushroom residues with bean dregs, mushroom residues with chicken manures and mushroom residues composts, respectively. The FTIR spectra showed polysaccharides
分 类 号:X712[环境科学与工程—环境工程]
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