不同灌水量与灌水频率对加工番茄根系生长和产量的影响  

Influence of irrigation quota and frequency on root growth and yield of processing tomato

作　　者：张坤[1,2] 刁明[1,2] 景博[1] 张筱茜 万文亮[1] 郭鹏飞 韩文 ZHANG Kun;DIAO Ming;JING Bo;ZHANG Xiaoqian;WAN Wenliang;GUO Pengfei;HAN Wen(Agricnltural College of Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China;Key Laboratory of Featured Fruits and Vegetables Cultivation Physiology and Germplasm Resources Utilization of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps,Shihezi University,Shihezi,Xinjiang 832003,China)

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院,新疆石河子832003 [2]石河子大学特色果蔬栽培生理与种质资源利用兵团重点实验室,新疆石河子832003

出　　处：《排灌机械工程学报》2020年第1期83-89,共7页Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering

基　　金：国家星火计划重点项目(2015GA891008)

摘　　要：为了了解不同灌水量和灌水频率对加工番茄根系生长和产量的影响,试验设置3个灌水定额和2个灌水频率.试验结果表明,加工番茄根系主要分布在(10,40)cm土层(占比63.20%~85.67%),随着土壤深度的增加,根系生长和干物质量逐渐减小;常规频率(F2)和低水(W3)有促使根系向深层土壤发育的趋势,高频灌溉(F1)和高水(W1)会促进根系在相对浅层的土壤范围内分布;相比常规频率,高频处理下土壤含水量波动较小,且保持在稳定的范围内.同时发现,土壤含水量、叶面积指数、干物质量和产量随着灌水定额和灌水频率的增大,均呈现出增加趋势;相同灌水频率下,高水和适水处理下加工番茄产量差异不具有统计学意义(P>0.05),但显著高于低水处理下加工番茄产量(P<0.05).综合考虑根系生长、产量和节约水资源,适用于西北地区加工番茄种植的较优灌溉制度为75%ET 0的灌水定额,灌水频率苗期每周1次,开花坐果期至拉秧期每周3次.The effect of irrigation quota and frequency on root growth and yield of processing tomato(H1015)under mulch drip irrigation was studied experimentally to understand their response mechanisms to different irrigation systems in Northwest China.Three irrigation quotas(W1-100%ET 0,W2-75%ET 0;W3-50%ET 0,ET 0-reference crop evapotranspiration)and two frequency levels(F1-three times a week;F2-once a week)were used in the experiment.The experimental results show that the roots of processing tomato are mainly distributed in 0-40 cm soil layer(63.20%-85.67%estimated),and the root growth and dry matter quality gradually are decreased with increasing soil depth.The conventional irrigation frequency(F2)and small irrigation quota(W3)can promote the roots to develop into deep soil,but the high frequency irrigation(F1)and large irrigation quota(W1)can promote roots distributed within a relatively shallow layer of soil.The soil water content under high frequency irrigation shows a less fluctuation and remains within a stable range in comparison with conventional frequency irrigation.Meanwhile,the soil volumetric moisture,leaf area index,dry weight and yield rise with increasing irrigation quota and frequency.At the same irrigation frequency,there is no statistically significant difference in tomato yield between large and medium quotas(P>0.05),but significant difference between large and small quotas(P<0.05).With comprehensive consideration of root growth,yield and water resource saving,the nearly optimum irrigation system for processing tomato in Northwest China should be 75%ET 0 irrigation quota,once a week irrigation frequency in seedling pe-riod,three times a week irrigation frequency in flowering to fruiting periods.

关 键 词：加工番茄 灌水量 灌水频率 叶面积指数 干物质量 根长 产量 

分 类 号：S277.9[农业科学—农业水土工程]