溶胶-凝胶法制备离子印迹聚合物及其用于选择性吸附重金属离子的综述  

Preparation of Ion Imprinted Polymers by Sol-Gel Method and Their Application in Metal Ions Selective Adsorption:a Review

作　　者：王蓝青 钟溢健 陈南春[3] 解庆林[1,2] WANG Lanqing;ZHONG Yijian;CHEN Nanchun;XIE Qinglin(College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China;The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory and Technology for Environmental Pollution Control,Guilin 541004,China;College of Materials Science and Engineering,Guilin University of Technology,Guilin 541004,China)

机构地区：[1]桂林理工大学环境科学与工程学院,桂林541004 [2]广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室,桂林541004 [3]桂林理工大学材料科学与工程学院,桂林541004

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第5期16-22,共7页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金委地区基金(41662005);广西环境污染控制理论与技术重点实验室研究基金(001102216078);桂林理工大学科研启动基金(GUTQDJJ2015027);广西中青年能力项目(2018KY0249)~~

摘　　要：离子印迹聚合物(Ion imprinted polymers,IIPs)是一种具有三维空间结构,对目标离子有更强亲和力的聚合材料。该材料通常可通过模板离子与功能单体螯合,经交联聚合、模板洗脱后获得。IIPs由于具有结构稳定、特异识别与高选择性等特点,在重金属污染处理领域具有广阔的应用前景。然而,IIPs的印迹位点分布不均、印迹位点包埋过深以及印迹材料传质效率低等问题,限制了IIPs对重金属离子的选择吸附以及后续应用。因此,在IIPs的制备过程中,亟须采取一种理想的IIPs制备方法,解决印迹位点包埋,改善模板离子的洗脱效果,促进印迹位点均匀分布,提高IIPs的传质效率,发挥其独特优异性能。近年来开发了多种IIPs制备方法,通过优化制备IIPs的组装、聚合方式,克服了制备过程中的部分难点,保证IIPs特异识别选择性的同时,大幅提升了IIPs的吸附性能。IIPs制备方法主要包括基于逐步聚合机理的溶胶-凝胶法和基于连锁聚合机理的自由基聚合法。溶胶-凝胶制备方法反应条件温和,反应过程易控,产物有良好的力学性能、热稳定性与结构预定性,得到了广泛应用。结合溶胶-凝胶法制备IIPs的工艺途径大致可分为包埋法、共聚法与表面印迹法。包埋法制备过程简便,反应条件温和,有机组分与作用位点稳定均匀分布于材料中,但制备过程容易造成模板离子包埋过深、不易洗脱、印迹位点不易暴露、传质效率较差。基于共聚法制备的IIPs表面粗糙、不规则,具有多孔结构与较大的比表面积,能促进小尺寸粒子进入到材料孔道,提高对模板离子的捕获与识别;但模板离子与功能单体的结合程度受限,IIPs的功能基团空间取向不稳定,限制了IIPs的特定选择功能。表面印迹法保留了基体材料的性能优势,通过将特异性印迹位点作用(负载、接枝、修饰等)于载体表面,可增大吸附容量、增强传质�I on imprinted polymers(IIPs)are polymeric materials,which have a three-dimensional structure and are capable of higher ionic recognition.The materials,synthesized from cross-linking polymerization of functional monomers with template ions and followed by elution of template.Owing to structural stability,specific recognition and high selectivity,IIPs possess broad potential application prospects in the field of heavy metal pollution remediation.However,the heterogeneity of imprinting sites distribution,the blocking of imprinting sites,and the low mass transfer efficiency have become the bottlenecks of IIPs in the application niches of heavy metal ions selective adsorption.Therefore,novel IIPs synthesis strategies to address the bottlenecks mentioned above are in badly need.A wide variety of IIPs synthesis strategies have been explored in recent years.Some issues have been overcome by optimizing the assembly and polymerization processes in IIPs synthesis.Correspondingly,the special recognition and adsorption capacities of IIPs have been improved.Assembly and polymerization processes in IIPs synthesis are mainly realized with sol-gel technology based on step by step synthesis and free ra-dical polymerization method based on chain polymerization.Due to mild reaction condition,simplicity of process control,structural predetermination,thermostability and mechanical strength of products,sol-gel technology has prevailed in many chemical scenarios.Sol-gel technology for IIPs synthesis can be mainly divided into three types,including embedding,copolymerization,and surface imprinting technique.The embedding method possesses the advantages of operational simplicity,mild reaction condition,distribution homogeneity of orga-nic composition and imprinting sites in IIPs,whereas over-depth and hard-elution of template ions,poor imprinting sites exposure,and slow mass transfer are the inherent insufficiency.The IIPs obtained from copolymerization with nanoscale porous structure and large specific area provide spatial accessibility

关 键 词：离子印迹聚合物 溶胶-凝胶法 重金属离子 选择吸附 

分 类 号：O635[理学—高分子化学]