铅酸电池负极添加剂的研究进展  

Research Progress in Negative Additives for Lead-acid Batteries

作　　者：李宵波 张盼盼 何亚鹏 黄惠[1,2,3] 郭忠诚 LI Xiaobo;ZHANG Panpan;HE Yapeng;HUANG Hui;GUO Zhongcheng(College of Metallurgy and Energy Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming 650093,China;Research Center of Metallurgical Electrode Materials Engineering Technology,Yunnan Province,Kunming 650106,China;Kunming Hendera Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,Kunming 650106,China)

机构地区：[1]昆明理工大学冶金与能源工程学院,昆明650093 [2]云南省冶金电极材料工程技术研究中心,昆明650106 [3]昆明理工恒达科技股份有限公司,昆明650106

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第5期39-47,共9页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51504111;51564029);中国博士后科学基金(2018M623418);昆明理工大学分析测试基金(2018M20172102038)~~

摘　　要：近年来,环境污染与化石能源日益匮乏,使得储能设备不断发展更新。电池作为新型储能设备在能源供给方面占有一定的优势。目前二次电池市场中使用最广泛的主要还是锂离子电池及铅酸电池。锂电池具有能量密度高、体积小等优点,有超越铅酸电池的趋势,但因低温容量衰减严重、高温易爆炸等缺点导致其使用受到一定的限制。而铅酸电池具有使用温度范围较宽、安全可靠以及售价低廉等优势,在工业使用方面更具有普遍性。铅酸电池在使用过程中也存在失效问题。目前铅酸电池失效模式主要起源于正负极早期容量损失、板栅腐蚀以及负极硫酸盐化等。作为混合动力汽车常用的动力来源,铅酸电池需在高倍率放电部分荷电状态(HRPSoC)下运行,此时,决定电池寿命的主要因素是负极是否失效。负极失效使得电池性能急剧下降、寿命缩短,而铅酸电池负极添加剂能够在不同程度上解决负极失效问题。本文对铅酸电池常用的负极添加剂的研究发展概况和存在的问题进行了阐述,并对其进行了展望。铅酸电池负极添加剂主要包括碳材料、导电聚合物、无机或金属氧化物等,可以提高电池负极活性物质(NAM)的利用率,改善大电流放电、低温充放电、快速充电等性能。同时碳、聚苯胺、无机或金属氧化物等材料的加入能够分担铅酸电池负极的部分充电电流,减缓大电流对负极的冲击、抑制负极铅硫酸盐化、提高电池高倍率放电部分荷电状态循环寿命、降低负极放电深度、升高电池析氢电位、降低电池失水。In recent years,the environmental pollution and scarcity of fossil energy have led to the continuous development and updation of energy sto-rage equipment.As a new energy storage device,the battery has many advantages in the energy supply.At present,the lithium ion batteries and lead-acid batteries are the most widely used in the secondary battery market.Correspondingly,lithium ion batteries have the advantages of high energy density and low volume and a tendency to surpass lead-acid batteries.However,there are obvious limitations for lithium ion batteries due to the serious attenuation of low-temperature capacity and high-temperature explosion,and the reliability over wide temperature range and low price of lead-acid batteries make them more versatile in the energy industries.The mainly failure modes of lead-acid battery are related to the early capacity loss of positive and negative plates,grid corrosion and lead sulfate sulphation at negative plate.As the common power source for hybrid vehicles,the lead-acid battery needs to be operated at high-rate partial state of charge(HRPSoC)state,where the factor determining the life mainly stems from the invalidation of the negative electrode.The invalidation of the negative plate would result into sharp drop in battery performance and shortened life,and negative additives could solve the negative plate failure problems in different aspects to a certain extent.In this review,recent progress on the study of negative additives for lead-acid battery and existing problems are summarized while the future development tendency is also forecasted.Typical negative additives,which primarily contain carbon materials,conducting polymer,inorganic or metal oxides,could enhance the utilization rate of negative electrode active material(NAM),improve the discharge performance under large current and low temperature situations,and so on.Meanwhile,negative conducting additives could participate part of charge current to slow down the adverse impact under large current.Furthermore,failure

关 键 词：铅酸电池 失效机制 负极添加剂 电池性能 

分 类 号：TM912[电气工程—电力电子与电力传动]