金纳米线的制备及传感应用研究进展  

Preparation and Application in Sensing Fields of Gold Nanowires

作　　者：金嘉炜 刘传扬 张冶 刘国伟 楚增勇[1] 李公义[1] JIN Jiawei;LIU Chuanyang;ZHANG Ye;LIU Guowei;CHU Zengyong;LI Gongyi(College of Liberal Arts and Sciences,National University of Defense Technology,Changsha 410073,China)

机构地区：[1]国防科技大学文理学院

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第5期85-95,共11页Materials Reports

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(61574172)~~

摘　　要：金纳米材料除了具有普通纳米材料的特性(表面效应、介电限域效应、小尺寸效应及量子隧道效应等)外,还具备独特的稳定性、导电性,优良的生物相容性以及超分子和分子识别、荧光等特性,这使其在纳米电子学、光电子学、传感和催化、生物分子标记、生物传感等领域展现出广阔的应用前景。在多种形态各异的金纳米材料中,金纳米线一直受到研究者们的高度重视。探索制备金纳米线的新技术与新方法,进一步拓展其应用领域,是当前纳米材料领域的研究焦点之一。金纳米线因具有长径比大、柔性较高以及制备方法简便等优点,在传感器、微电子、光学器件、表面增强拉曼、生物检测等领域都展现出不可忽视的潜力。随着技术的发展,研究者们已开发了多种制备金纳米线的方法,如模板合成法、溶液法、阶边修饰法。然而近年来,纳米电子学与传感器等领域的应用需求对金纳米线的制备方法提出了更高的要求,如制备的金纳米线要有较为理想的形貌(金纳米线的直径与几何结构直接影响电子的传输性能),且要考虑方法的复杂性,是否对环境造成污染及金纳米线产量等因素。本文结合近十年来金纳米线的制备与应用研究成果,重新分类归纳了金纳米线的制备方法与调控方式,并对金纳米线在传感领域的应用进行了较为全面的总结,以期为后续研究提供参考。In addition to the properties of ordinary nanomaterials(surface effect,dielectric confinement effect,small size effect and quantum tunneling effect),gold nanomaterials also have unique stability,electrical conductivity,excellent biocompatibility,supramolecular recognition,fluorescence and other characteristics,which broad their application prospects in the fields of nanoelectronics,optoelectronics,sensing and catalysis,biolabeling and biosensing.Among various forms of gold nanomaterials,the gold nanowires have always been highly valued by researchers.Therefore,exploring new technologies and new methods for preparing gold nanowires and further expanding their application fields are the research focuses in the field of nanomaterials.Gold nanowires have a large aspect ratio,good flexibility and their preparation methods are also relatively simple,thus,they have been extensively adopted in the fields of sensors,microelectronics,optical devices,surface enhanced Raman and biological detection.With the development of technology,researchers have developed a variety of methods for preparing gold nanowires,including template synthesis method,solution method,and edge modification method.However,in recent years,the application requirements in the fields of nanoelectronics and sensors have put forward higher requirements for the preparation of gold nanowires,such as a better morphology(diameter and geometry of gold nanowires)for gold nanowires,the complexity of the method,environmental pollution and production rate.Combining the novel preparation method and application of gold nanowires in the past ten years,this paper reclassifies the preparation methods and regulation methods of gold nanowires,and comprehensively summarizes the application of gold nanowires in the sensing field,in order to provide an overview for researchers.

关 键 词：金纳米线 可控制备 传感领域 

分 类 号：O648[理学—物理化学]