铅冷能源系统中液态金属与铁基合金相容性的研究进展  

Research Progress on Compatibility of Liquid Metal and Iron-based Alloy in Lead Cooled Energy Systems

作　　者：陈灵芝 周张健[1] Carsten Schroer CHEN Lingzhi;ZHOU Zhangjian;Carsten Schroer(School of Materials Science and Engineering,University of Science and Technology Beijing,Beijing 100083,China;Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(KIT),Institute for Applied Materials-Applied Materials Physics,Karlsruhe 76344,Germany)

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100083 [2]卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院应用材料及材料物理研究所,德国卡尔斯鲁厄76344

出　　处：《材料导报》2020年第5期96-101,共6页Materials Reports

基　　金：科技部国际热核聚变实验堆计划专项(2015GB121006)~~

摘　　要：核电是一种可以有效解决能源与环境问题的清洁能源,受到国际上的广泛重视。目前的商用堆以第二代及第三代热中子反应堆为主,存在铀资源利用率低、放射性废物不断积累和潜在的核安全等问题,故具有更高安全性和经济性的第四代核能系统的研究成为当前的热点。四代堆中采用液态铅或铅基合金作为主冷却剂的反应堆称为铅冷快堆,由于液态铅及其合金具有优异的热工性能及核物理性能,铅冷快堆被认为是最有希望率先得到应用的第四代反应堆之一,液态铅也是加速器驱动次临界系统重要的液态靶材料兼冷却剂。此外,液态铅也被认为是太阳能热电系统最有前景的能量交换介质之一。铅冷堆具有可在较高温度条件下运行、发电效率高等明显优势,但也由于堆内的服役温度和中子辐照强度较高,对关键结构材料的服役性能提出很高要求。尤其是大多数合金在液态铅中都会由于合金元素的选择性溶解带来明显的腐蚀问题,结构材料与液态铅的相容性问题是铅冷能源系统工程应用的重要瓶颈。堆内的腐蚀情况包括材料的溶解和氧化、固液两相的输运以及腐蚀产物和杂质之间的反应等,是一个复杂的过程。腐蚀行为的影响因素包括材料自身特点及外界因素,例如材料类型、微观结构、化学成分和表面状态以及冷却剂类型、温度、氧浓度、流速和腐蚀时间等都会对腐蚀产生重要的影响。本文针对制约铅冷能源系统用结构材料发展的基础核心问题,把握材料成分和显微组织特点与其在液态铅中的溶解和氧化问题之间的关系这一主线,就国内外关于液态铅对合金的溶解腐蚀基础问题,金属及非金属腐蚀抑制剂的发展,不锈钢、氧化物弥散强化(ODS)钢、含Al奥氏体耐热钢(AFA)及FeCrAl合金在液态铅基中的腐蚀行为等研究内容进行总结和分析,对影响腐蚀的因素进行Nuclear power is a kind of clean energy which can effectively solve the energy and environmental problems and has been widely developed in the world.Commercial reactors include the GenerationⅡand GenerationⅢthermal neutron reactors,which have problems such as low utilization rate of uranium resources,continuous accumulation of radioactive waste and potential nuclear safety.The GenerationⅣenergy system with higher safety and economy becomes a research hot-spot.The lead-cooled fast reactor using lead or lead-based alloys as the main coolant is considered to be one of the most promising GenerationⅣreactors,as liquid lead and its alloys have excellent thermal and nuclear physical pro-perties.Liquid lead is also used as target material and coolant in the accelerator driven sub-critical system and considered to be one of the most promising energy exchange media for solar thermal systems.Lead based coolant has high melting point and can operate at rather high temperature.It has obvious advantages in power generation efficiency,while the harsh service environment,such as high operation temperature,strong irradiation intensity,requires new grade high performance structural materials.Especially,most of alloys in liquid lead will suffer to significant corrosion problems due to the selective dissolution of alloying elements.The compatibility of structural materials with liquid lead is a main bottleneck for the engineering application of lead cooled energy systems.Corrosion in the lead-based coolant,includes dissolution of materials,transport between solid and liquid phases and reaction between corrosion products and impurities,which is a complex process.The factors influencing corrosion behavior include the material feature and external factors,such as the type of materials,microstructure,chemical composition and surface state,as well as the type of coolant,temperature,oxygen concentration,flow rate and corrosion time.The research on the compatibility between structural materials and liquid metals becomes the key iss

关 键 词：铅冷 溶解和氧化 氧化物弥散强化钢 含Al奥氏体耐热钢 FeCrAl合金 抗腐蚀性能 

分 类 号：TG17[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]