中国兜兰属23种植物叶表皮微形态特征初步研究  

Preliminary study on leaf epidermal micromorphological characteristics of 23 Chinese Paphiopedilum Pfitz. species

作　　者：查应琴 关萍[1] 陈业 林耀光[1] 康念 石建明[1] Zha Ying-Qin;Guan Ping;Chen Ye;Lin Yao-Guang;Kang Nian;Shi Jian-Ming(College of Life Science,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;No.1 Middle School of Bijie City,Guizhou Province,Bijie,Guizhou 551700,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院,贵阳550025 [2]贵州省毕节市第一中学,贵州毕节551700

出　　处：《植物科学学报》2019年第6期709-718,共10页Plant Science Journal

基　　金：贵州省科学技术基金(黔科合J字[2014]2064号);贵州省生物学一流学科建设项目(GNYL[2017]009)~~

摘　　要：利用光学显微镜对兜兰属(Paphiopedilum)23种植物叶片进行观察,并对其中14种叶表皮微形态性状测量数值进行主成分分析和聚类分析。结果显示:23种植物叶表皮均有较厚角质层,上表皮细胞多为多边形和卵圆形,无气孔分布,部分种叶上表皮细胞有表皮毛,表皮细胞表面会形成乳突状突起,并且一个细胞只形成一个乳突,多数种的叶表面会呈现明显或不明显的龟背隆起,细胞大小及细胞密度在不同种之间存在极大差异;气孔器广泛分布于下表皮,由保卫细胞构成,排列无规则,外壁呈不同程度加厚。主成分分析表明,特征值大于1的主成分共有4个,基于4个主成分进行聚类,结果可将兜兰属分为两大类,即宽瓣亚属(Brachypetalum)和兜兰亚属(Paphiopedilum),小萼亚属(Parvisepalum)被聚类于宽瓣亚属中。本研究表明兜兰属种间部分叶表皮形态特征具有一定的稳定性,叶片表皮细胞的形状与垂周壁式样变异不大;受环境气候的影响,气孔器大小及气孔密度在不同种间的分布不同,表现出种间多样性,因此这部分叶表皮微形态特征可作为其分类的参考依据。The leaves of 23 species of Paphiopedilum Pfitz.were observed by optical light microscopy.Principal component and cluster analyses were carried out on the measured values of 14 leaf epidermal micromorphological characters.Results showed that the leaf epidermis of the 23 plants had thicker cuticles.The upper epithelial cells were mostly polygonal and ovoid,with no stomatal distribution.The epidermal cells on some of the leaves had epidermal hairs,and the epidermal cells formed mastoid protrusions.A cell formed only one mastoid,and the surface of most species showed obvious or inconspicuous curvature uplift.Cell size and density varied greatly among different species;the stomata were widely distributed in the lower epidermis,which was composed of irregularly arranged guard cells,and the outer wall was thickened to varying degrees.Principal component analysis showed four principal components with an eigenvalue greater than one.Based on the clustering of the four principal components,the genus Paphiopedilum could be divided into two broad categories:Brachypetalum,Paphiopedilum,and Parvisepalum were clustered in Subgen.Brachypetalum.This study showed that the morphological characteristics of the leaf epidermis in the genus Paphiopedilum had certain stability and the epidermal cells in plant leaves demonstrated little variation in shape of the vertical wall.Due to environmental and climatic effects,stomatal organ size and stomatal density were distributed differently in different interspecific,thus showing interspecific diversity.Therefore,these micromorphological characteristics of the leaf epidermis could be used as a reference for classification.

关 键 词：兜兰属 叶表皮 微形态 系统聚类 

分 类 号：Q944.56[生物学—植物学] Q949.718.43