心理宣泄究竟是有益还是有害？——宣泄的心理干预效果及潜在危害  

Is catharsis beneficial or harmful? The psychological intervention effect and potential harm of catharsis

作　　者：詹鋆 徐宏飞 任俊[3] 罗劲 ZHAN Jun;XU Hongfei;REN Jun;LUO Jing(School of Marxism,Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,Fuzhou 350002,China;Suzhou Industrial Park Xietang School,Suzhou 215123,China;School of psychology,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua 321004,China;School of psychology,Capital Normal University,Beijing 100048,China)

机构地区：[1]福建农林大学马克思主义学院,福州350002 [2]苏州工业园区斜塘学校,苏州215123 [3]浙江师范大学心理学院,金华321004 [4]首都师范大学心理学院,北京100048

出　　处：《心理科学进展》2020年第1期22-32,共11页Advances in Psychological Science

基　　金：教育部人文社科项目(19YJC710100);福建农林大学杰出青年科研人才计划资助项目(XJQ201931)资助

摘　　要：宣泄经典理论认为,发泄能够有效地缓解愤怒情绪和攻击冲动,然而,直接宣泄、间接宣泄及目标宣泄对攻击性影响的大量实验研究揭示了宣泄的潜在危害性及其作用机制,宣泄不但不能降低愤怒反而会通过认知加工等因素提升攻击性。尽管如此,大众仍青睐于宣泄这种看似便捷的情绪调节方式,如宣泄设备已成为心理咨询机构的标准配置。这不仅反映了人们对心理宣泄的片面认知,更折射出了目前我国社会心理服务体系建设缺乏科学化和规范化。未来研究应重视,普遍使用宣泄设备作为现代心理干预手段可能存在的问题与解决路径。The theory of catharsis believes that venting can effectively alleviate anger and aggressive impulses.However,a large number of experimental studies about the effects of direct catharsis,indirect catharsis and target catharsis on aggression have revealed the potential harm of catharsis on aggression and its functional mechanism,the catharsis can’t reduce anger but increase aggression through factors such as cognitive processing.Even so,the public still favors this seemingly convenient way of regulating emotion,for example catharsis equipment has become the standard equipment of psychological counseling institutions.This not only suggests people's unilateral cognition of psychological catharsis,but also reflects the lack of scientific and standardized construction of our social psychological service system.Future research should focused on the potential problems and its possible solutions in the current widespread application of catharsis equipment that used as a mean of modern psychological intervention.

关 键 词：宣泄 情绪调节 愤怒 攻击性 

分 类 号：R395[哲学宗教—心理学]