节水灌溉模式下稻田氮素迁移与肥料氮利用  

Nitrogen migration and fertilizer nitrogen utilization in paddy field under water saving irrigation

作　　者：陈栋 缪子梅[2] 蒋坤[1] 陈洁茹[1] 沈芝莹[1] 仇春光 CHEN Dong;MIAO Zimei;JIANG Kun;CHEN Jieru;SHEN Zhiying;QIU Chunguang(Huai′an Investigation and Design Institute of Water Conservancy,Huai′an,Jiangsu 223005,China;Research Center of Fluid Machinery Engineering and Technology,Jiangsu University,Zhenjiang,Jiangsu 212013,China;Suqian City Economic Development Corporation,Suqian,Jiangsu 223800,China)

机构地区：[1]淮安市水利勘测设计研究院有限公司,江苏淮安223005 [2]江苏大学流体机械工程技术研究中心,江苏镇江212013 [3]宿迁市经济开发总公司,江苏宿迁223800

出　　处：《江苏大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第1期34-38,共5页Journal of Jiangsu University：Natural Science Edition

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(51679108)

摘　　要：为了探究氮素在植物土壤大气连续体(SPAC)去向及迁移转化机制,在对比试验基础上,结合同位素N^15示踪技术,研究了不同灌溉模式下氮素的迁移转化机理以及肥料氮归趋利用.结果表明:节水灌溉模式(薄露灌溉模式W1、间歇灌溉模式W2)可以有效地抑制肥料氮淋失;在施肥量相同的情况下,节水灌溉模式NH 3挥发总量显著小于常规灌溉,同时降低肥料氨挥发量在总氨挥发中所占的比例;节水灌溉模式可以显著提高水稻植株吸氮量,随着生育阶段的推移,各处理植株吸收肥料氮量占总吸氮量的比值亦呈下降趋势;此外,节水灌溉模式稻田肥料氮在土壤中的残留率均少于常规模式,降低幅度为14.6%,作物吸氮量则明显高于W0,相比W0模式,W1和W2模式氮肥利用率分别提高了9.2%和14.2%.To explore the migration and transformation mechanism of nitrogen in soil,plant and atmosphere continuum(SPAC),based on the comparative experiments and combined with the isotope N^15 tracer technique,the mechanism of nitrogen migration and transformation and the trend of fertilizer nitrogen utilization under different irrigation modes were investigated.The results show that the water-saving irrigation modes(thin and wet irrigation of W1 and intermittent irrigation of W2)can effectively reduce the NO3^--N leaching loss of fertilizer nitrogen.For the same amounts of fertilizer,the water-saving irrigation mode can significantly reduce the total amount of ammonia(NH3)volatilization and the proportion of NH3 volatilization of fertilizer nitrogen in total NH3 volatilization,and the nitrogen uptake of rice plants can be significantly increased.The water-saving irrigation mode can reduce the residual rate of fertilizer nitrogen in soil by 14.6%.Compared with W0,the nitrogen fertilizer utilization rates of W1 and W2 are increased by 9.2% and 14.2%,respectively.

关 键 词：稻田 薄露灌溉 间歇灌溉 氮素迁移转化 N^15示踪 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]