不同打顶时期对烤烟及其上部烟叶产质量的影响  

Effects of Different Topping Time on Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco and Its Upper Leaves

作　　者：赵唯琦 桑应华 黄泽坤 周必贵 冯圭如 石剑 申忠 杨忠祥 余凤塘 刘彦中[1] 罗以贵[1] Zhao Weiqi;Sang Yinghua;Huang Zekun;Zhou Bigui;Feng Guiru;Shi Jian;Shen Zhong;Yang Zhongxiang;Yu Fengtang;Liu Yanzhong;Luo Yigui(College of Tobacco,Yunnan Agricultural University,Kunming 650201,China;Dali Vocational and Technical College of Agriculture and Forestry,Dali 671000,China;Zhaotong Cigarette Factory,Hongta Tabacco(Group)Co.,Ltd.,Zhaotong 657000,China)

机构地区：[1]云南农业大学烟草学院,云南昆明650201 [2]大理农林职业技术学院,云南大理671000 [3]红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司昭通卷烟厂,云南昭通657000

出　　处：《山东农业科学》2019年第12期20-25,共6页Shandong Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：云南中烟工业有限责任公司红塔烟草(集团)有限责任公司科技计划项目(2016YL02)

摘　　要：为探究不同打顶时期对上部烟叶内在质量的影响,并为今后云南昭通地区烟叶优质生产提供打顶技术理论依据,本试验以云烟87为试材,研究不同打顶时期对烤烟农艺性状、经济性状及上部烟叶化学成分、香气前体物质的影响。结果表明:初花打顶处理的烟叶叶长、叶宽及叶面积系数最大,分别为53.98 cm、21.61 cm和2.763;烟叶产量最高,为2083.5 kg/hm^2;产值、均价也最高,分别为每公顷41624.85元、每千克30.75元。随着打顶时间的推迟,总糖含量逐渐增加,还原糖、总氮及烟碱含量逐渐减少;烟叶多酚类物质及非挥发性有机酸含量逐渐增加,香气前体物质含量逐渐增加。随着打顶时间的推迟,各处理上部烟叶总糖含量在打顶20 d后出现显著变化,烟叶总糖含量最终为T3>T2>T1;各处理还原糖含量在打顶20 d后出现显著变化,烟叶还原糖含量最终为T3>T2>T1;各处理淀粉含量在打顶10 d后出现显著变化,最终为T1>T2>T3。同时,初花打顶后烟叶的感官评吸质量分数最高为78.5。因此,初花打顶有利于烟叶香气前体物质含量的增加,使内在化学成分更加协调,烟叶内在质量更好。The study was conducted to explore the effects of different topping time on the internal quality of upper tobacco leaves,furthermore,to provide theoretical bases for the high-quality tobacco production in Zhaotong areas of Yunnan Province in future.We chose the tobacco cultivar Yunyan 87 as experimental material to study the effects of topping at budding(T1),initial flowering(T2)and full blooming(T3)stages on the agronomic traits,economic characters,chemical compositions and precursor of aroma.The results showed that the leaf length,leaf width and leaf area index of tobacco topping at initial flowering stage were maximum with the values of 53.98 cm,21.61 cm and 2.763 respectively,and the yield as 2083.5 kg/hm 2 was the highest,meanwhile,the output value and average price of tobacco leaves reached the maximum as 41624.85 yuan/hm^2 and 30.75 yuan/kg respectively.With the delay of the topping period,the total sugar content increased gradually,but the contents of reducing sugar,total nitrogen and nicotine decreased gradually,and the contents of polyphenol,non-volatile organic acid and aroma precursor in the tobacco leaves increased gradually.The total sugar content of upper leaves under different treatments appeared significantly change after 20 days of topping,and finally showed as T3﹥T2﹥T1.The reducing sugar content of tobacco leaves changed significantly after 20 days of topping,and the final order was T3﹥T2﹥T1.The starch content also changed significantly after 10 days of topping,and finally showed as T1﹥T2﹥T3.At the same time,the sensory score of T2 treatment was the highest as 78.5.Therefore,topping at initial flowering stage was beneficial to the increase of aroma precursor content,which also could coordinate internal chemical composition and improve internal quality.

关 键 词：云烟87 打顶时期 上部烟叶 产质量 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]