除草剂不同耐性水平烟草品种叶面微生物研究  

Study on Foliar Microbes of Tobacco Varieties with Different Tolerant Levels to Herbicides

作　　者：朱晓明 时焦[1] 张保全[2] 吴晶晶 刘朝营[2] 陈强[2] 刘洋 ZHU Xiaoming;SHI Jiao;ZHANG Baoquan;WU Jingjing;LIU Chaoying;CHEN Qiang;LIU Yang(Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Qingdao 266101,China;China Tobacco Zhejiang Industrial Co.,Ltd,Hangzhou 310009,China;Linqu Branch of Shandong Tobacco Corporation,Linqu,Shandong 262600,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101 [2]浙江中烟工业有限责任公司,杭州310009 [3]山东潍坊烟草有限公司临朐分公司,山东临朐262600

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2019年第6期60-65,共6页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划“烟草化肥农药减施增效技术集成研究”（2018YFD0201104）;中国烟草总公司科技重大专项“基于叶际微生态调控和生物杀菌剂的烟草赤星病/野火病绿色防控技术研究与应用”[110201601026（LS-06）];中国农业科学院科技创新工程（ASTIP-TRIC04）

摘　　要：为探讨玉米田除草剂不同耐性水平烟草品种叶面可培养微生物的数量、耐药性及其与烟草耐药性的关系,以对玉米田除草剂(莠去津和硝磺草酮)高度耐药、中度耐药和高度敏感烟草品种为试验材料,采用稀释平板涂布法测定真菌、细菌和放线菌数量;利用含毒介质法筛选抗除草剂菌株,并对其16S rDNA序列进行测定与分析。结果显示,3种不同耐药性水平品种间叶面可培养真菌、细菌和放线菌总量存在显著差异(p<0.05),群落结构为细菌>放线菌>真菌。细菌和放线菌数量高度耐药性品种>中度耐药性品种>高度敏感性品种;真菌数量高度敏感性品种>中度耐药性品种>高度耐药性品种。从高耐药性烟草品种叶面筛选出5株对2种除草剂具有抗性的菌株,其16S rDNA序列比对均属芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)细菌。耐药性烟草品种叶面具有大量抗药性菌株可能对烟草耐药性起到了积极作用。In order to investigate the quantity and herbicide tolerance of cultivatable microbes on leaves of tobacco varieties which have different tolerant levels to corn herbicides(atrazine and mesotrione),12 tobacco varieties with different tolerant levels to two corn herbicides were cultivated and used as experimental materials.The leaf samples from the main growing stages including seedling stage,fast-growing stage and maturity stage were collected.The second leaf from the top was used for all the treatments.The plate counting method was used to study the number of cultured fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes.The toxic medium method was used to screen resistant bacterial strains to two corn herbicides.The 16S rDNA of obtained resistant bacterial strains in this experiment were sequenced and analyzed.The experimental results showed that the total numbers of cultured microbes including fungi,bacteria and actinomycetes were significantly different among different tolerant levels of tobacco(p<0.05).The microbial community composition on the leaves of tobacco varieties with different tolerant levels indicated that bacteria>actinomycetes>fungi.The numbers of bacteria and actinomycetes in the order from high to low was highly tolerant varieties,moderately tolerant varieties and highly sensitive varieties.The numbers of fungi from high to low:highly sensitive varieties>moderately tolerant varieties>highly tolerant varieties.Five bacterial strains highly resistant to the two corn herbicides were identified from the dominant bacteria strains isolated from highly tolerant varieties.The 16S rDNA sequences of the five highly resistant strains were compared and analyzed.The analysis results showed that the five strains all belong to Bacillus bacteria.There were large numbers of resistant microbes on tobacco varieties highly tolerant to the two corn herbicides.Therefore it is possible that resistant microbes play an important role in tobacco tolerance to herbicides.

关 键 词：烟草 叶面微生物 除草剂 耐药性 

分 类 号：S435.72[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]