不同类型烟草种子蛋白质、脂肪及其主要活性成分分析  

Analyses of Protein, Fat and Main Active Components in the Seeds of Tobacco(Nicotiana spp.) Types

作　　者：杨琼 侯小东[1] 刘艳华[1] 张怀宝[1] 付秋娟[1] 张富军 杜咏梅[1] YANG Qiong;HOU Xiaodong;LIU Yanhua;ZHANG Huaibao;FU Qiujuan;ZHANG Fujun;DU Yongmei(Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Agricultural Science,Qingdao 266101,China;Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science,Beijing 100081,China;Tobacco Company,Linyi,Shandong 276000,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院烟草研究所,青岛266101 [2]中国农业科学院研究生院,北京100081 [3]山东省烟草公司临沂市公司,山东临沂276000

出　　处：《中国烟草科学》2019年第6期95-102,共8页Chinese Tobacco Science

基　　金：中国农业科学院科技创新工程（APTIP-TRICO5）;中国农业科学院基本科研业务预算增量项目“烟草中的有益物质及其生物活性研究”（2013ZL026）

摘　　要：为探索不同类型烟草种子开发利用的方向,以6份黄花烟草与31份红花烟草为材料,应用方差分析,比较了不同类型烟草种子粗蛋白、脂肪以及种子油脂肪酸、植物甾醇、角鲨烯的含量和组成差异。结果表明,相对于红花烟草,黄花烟草种子含有较高的粗蛋白以及较低的脂肪,不同类型红花烟草种子粗蛋白、脂肪含量也存在显著差异;黄花烟草种子蛋白质含有较高的蛋氨酸、赖氨酸及总必需氨基酸,其必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸比值、氨基酸比值系数分值均较高,氨基酸组成模式与FAO/WHO推荐值及与FAO鸡蛋蛋白贴近度也较高。黄花烟草种子油亚油酸、菜油甾醇、β-谷甾醇含量较高,而红花烟草种子角鲨烯、胆甾醇、4-甲基-7-烯胆甾烷醇、豆甾醇、α-谷甾醇含量较高;黄花烟草与红花烟草种子油总不饱和脂肪酸、总植物甾醇含量差异不显著。综合分析,黄花烟草种子饲用价值相对较高,而红花烟草种子油用价值相对较高。In order to investigate the utilization potentials of tobacco(Nicotiana spp.)seeds,the seeds of 6 varieties of N.rustica L.and 31 varieties of N.tabacum L.were collected to study the difference in the composition and contents of crude protein,fat,fatty acid,phytosterol and squalene among varieties with an one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA)method.The seeds of N.rustica varieties contain higher crude protein and lower fat comparing to those of N.tabacum varieties.The contents of crude protein and fat were significantly different among the seeds of N.tabacum varieties.The seeds of N.rustica varieties have higher content of Met,Lys and total essential amino acids than those of N.tabacum,and also have a higher ratio of essential amino acid to non-essential amino acid as well as a higher ratio coefficient of amino acids.The amino acid pattern in N.rustica varieties is close to the FAO/WHO recommendation and has a high closeness coefficient with eggs protein recommended by FAO.The contents of linoleic acid,campesterol andβ-sitosterol were obviously higher in the seeds of N.rustica varieties than in those of N.tabacum varieties,which showed an opposite pattern to the contents of squalene,cholesterol,4-methyl-7-encholestyl alcohol,stigmasterol andα-sitosterol.There was no significant difference in the contents of total unsaturated fatty acid and sterol between the seeds of N.tabacum varieties and N.rustica varieties.In conclusion,the seeds of N.rustica have a higher feed value while the seeds of N.tabacum have a higher fat value.

关 键 词：烟草种子 蛋白质 脂肪 活性成分 

分 类 号：TS411[农业科学—烟草工业]