福建东山湾养殖贝类重金属污染状况及健康风险评价  

Pollution Status and Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals in Shellfishes Cultured in Dongshan Bay,Fujian Province

作　　者：杨妙峰[1,2] 郑盛华 席英玉[1,2] 林娇 罗冬莲[1,2] Yang Miaofeng;Zheng Shenghua;Xi Yingyu;Lin Jiao;Luo Donglian(Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province,Fisheries Research Instiute of Fujian,Xiamen 361013,China;Fujian Collaborative Innovation Center for Exploitation and Utilization of Marine Biological Resources,Xiamen 361013,China)

机构地区：[1]福建省水产研究所,福建省海洋生物增养殖与高值化利用重点实验室,厦门361013 [2]福建省海洋生物资源开发利用协同创新中心,厦门361013

出　　处：《生态毒理学报》2019年第5期308-317,共10页Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology

基　　金：福建省省属公益类科研院所基本专项(2017R1003-9);福建省海洋与渔业结构调整项目(2019HYJG07,2019HYJG10)

摘　　要：为了解东山湾海水养殖贝类重金属污染状况及健康风险水平,2016年11月采集了华贵栉孔扇贝(Chlamys nobills)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)、鲍(Haliotis sp.)、巴非蛤(Paphia sp.)、牡蛎(Saccostrea sp.)和翡翠贻贝(Perna viridis)等6种常见贝类,对其污染指数、膳食暴露量和健康风险等进行评价。结果表明,东山湾贝类体内Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As和Hg含量(均值)分别为9.69、0.19、43.5、0.65、0.21、0.010和1.69μg·g^-1,与第一类海洋生物质量标准限值相比,Cu、Pb、Zn、Cd、Cr和As的超标率分别为16.7%、83.3%、33.3%、33.3%、16.7%和100%;但除华贵栉孔扇贝Cd含量超标外,Pb、Cr、Hg和As含量均能满足食品中污染物限量标准要求。尽管东山湾贝类总致癌风险R c=1.65×10-4,存在一定的健康风险,但5种贝类体内重金属含量略低于我国东部-南部沿海贝类的平均水平,且2010—2017年期间东山湾牡蛎体内重金属污染状况没有明显变化(养殖生物质量指数<5%),加上重金属膳食暴露风险较低,总非致癌风险R n=0.94(<1),总体而言贝类质量状况尚可。To understand the pollution status and the health risk level of heavy metals in shellfishes,six typical species of shellfishes were collected from Dongshan Bay,Fujian Province in November of 2016,including Chlamys nobills,Ruditapes philippinarum,Haliotis sp.,Paphia sp.,Saccostrea sp.and Perna viridis.Pollution index of heavy metals in these shellfishes and the related dietary exposure and human health risk were all evaluated.The results indicated that the mean content of copper(Cu),zinc(Zn),lead(Pb),cadmium(Pb),chromium(Cr),arsenic(As)and mercury(Hg)in these shellfishes were 9.69,0.19,43.5,0.65,0.21,0.010 and 1.69μg·g^-1,respectively.Compared to the standard limits for the primary category of marine life quality,the excess rates of Cu,Pb,Zn,Cd,Cr and As were 16.7%,83.3%,33.3%,33.3%,16.7%and 100%,respectively.However,in terms of meeting the allowable standard limits for pollutants in food,except Cd in Chlamys nobills exceeding the recommended value,all the other heavy metals including Pb,Cr,Hg and As met the standards.In addition,the average contents of six heavy metals in shellfish from Dongshan Bay were slightly lower than those from the eastern and southern coastal areas of China,and the pollution index of heavy metals in oysters did not change significantly from 2010 to 2017(quality index of aquaculture organism was less than 5%).After calculation,the total carcinogenic risk of shellfish in Dongshan Bay was R c=1.65×10-4,the total noncarcinogenic risk was R n=0.94,and the risk of heavy metals in diet exposure was lower.Therefore,although the health risk can not be excluded,the general quality of shellfishes in Dongshan Bay was still acceptable.

关 键 词：重金属 养殖贝类 健康风险 膳食暴露 养殖生物质量指数法 

分 类 号：X834[环境科学与工程—环境工程]