熏蒸剂对土壤微生物的影响研究进展  

Research progress on the effect of fumigants on soil microorganisms

作　　者：李青杰 方文生[1] 颜冬冬[1] 王秋霞[1] 曹坳程[1] LI Qingjie;FANG Wensheng;YAN Dongdong;WANG Qiuxia;CAO Aocheng(Institute of Plant Protection,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,State Key Laboratory of Plant Pest Biology,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院植物保护研究所植物病虫害生物学国家重点实验室

出　　处：《农药学学报》2019年第5期780-786,共7页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：农业产业技术体系北京市创新团队(BAIC01-2017);国家重点研发计划(2017YFD0201600)

摘　　要：熏蒸剂因其较高的生物活性和广谱性而被广泛用于防治土传病害、杂草和线虫等,但其同时对土壤中的微生物也不可避免地会产生一定影响。土壤微生物作为土壤健康状况的评判标准之一,数量庞大,种类丰富,且在养分循环及元素转换等过程中均发挥着重要作用,因此研究熏蒸剂对土壤微生物的影响极为必要。文章阐述了氯化苦、棉隆、威百亩及二甲基二硫等几种常用熏蒸剂对土壤中微生物数量、多样性、群落组成结构、优势菌群以及氮循环功能微生物等的影响,旨在为理解熏蒸后土壤微生物的演替提供理论基础。经文中所列出的6种熏蒸剂熏蒸处理土壤后,土壤微生物的多样性均在短期内出现下降,其群落组成结构发生较大变化,且氮循环功能微生物在短期内受到明显抑制。Fumigants are widely used for the control of soil-borne diseases,weeds and nematodes because of their high biological activity and wide spectrum.However,it will inevitably effect soil microorganisms.Soil microorganisms,as one of the evaluation criteria for soil health,have a large population and rich variety,and play an important role in the process of nutrient cycling and element conversion.Therefore,it is crucial to study the effect of fumigants on soil microorganisms.In this review,the effects of several common fumigants,such as chloropicrin,dazomet,metam-sodium and dimethyl disulfide,on the quantity,diversity,community composition,dominant flora and nitrogen cycling function of microorganisms in soil were summarized,which would provide a theoretical basis for understanding the succession of soil microorganisms after fumigation.After the six fumigants listed in this review fumigated the soil,the diversity of soil microorganisms decreased in a short time,the community composition changed greatly,and the microorganisms with nitrogen circulation function were inhibited in a short time.

关 键 词：土壤 熏蒸剂 微生物 土传病害 多样性 群落结构 氮循环 研究进展 

分 类 号：TQ450.26[化学工程—农药化工] X825[环境科学与工程—环境工程]