耕地园地农药药迹容量模型及其在综合风险评级中的应用  

Pesticide trace capacity model for planting land and its application in comprehensive risk rating

作　　者：张志恒[1] 汪雯[1] 李慧杰 胡秀卿[1] 肖青青 邓勋飞[3] ZHANG Zhiheng;WANG Wen;LI Huijie;HU Xiuqing;XIAO Qingqing;DENG Xunfei(State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products(in prepared)/Lab of Quality&Safety Risk Assessment for Agro-products(Hangzhou),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Lab for Pesticide Residue Detection,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Institute of Quality and Standard for Agro-products,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China;Department of Bicological and Environmental Engineering,Hefei University,Hefei 230601,China;Institute of Digital Agriculture,Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Hangzhou 310021,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江省农业科学院农产品质量标准研究所/省部共建农产品质量安全国家重点实验室(筹)/农业农村部农产品质量安全风险评估实验室(杭州)/农业农村部农药残留检测重点实验室,杭州310021 [2]合肥学院生物与环境工程系,合肥230601 [3]浙江省农业科学院数字农业研究所,杭州310021

出　　处：《农药学学报》2019年第5期931-940,共10页Chinese Journal of Pesticide Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划课题(2016YFD0200803)

摘　　要：为评估耕地园地的农药药迹容量及农药使用带来的健康和环境方面的综合风险,按照影响因素的代表性、影响机制的普适性、影响环节的关键性、影响效力的显著性、观测方法的标准化、已有观测的系统性和数据获取的便利性原则,从影响农药对健康和环境危害的众多外部因子中,选择年平均气温、年降水量、年日照时数、土壤质地及土壤有机质含量5个关键因子,构建了耕地园地农药药迹容量模型:Fptc=(Tam+18)×Pam×Has×Fst×Csom×10−9。结合运用耕地园地农药药迹容量模型和前期建立的农药药迹模型,对家庭农场和区域尺度的耕地园地农药药迹容量和农药使用带来的综合风险进行了评估。结果显示:2016—2017年间,4个长江中下游稻区家庭农场耕地的药迹容量系数为2.73~3.50,综合风险指数为0.56~1.77,属中等风险或中低风险;2017年黑龙江垦区各分局的耕地园地农药药迹容量系数为0.6~1.7,风险指数为3.3~7.3,均属中高风险;2017年浙江省各地市的耕地园地农药药迹容量系数为1.9~3.8,风险指数在4.7~12.6之间,除风险指数最高的嘉兴属高风险外,其他各地市均属中高风险。研究表明,所构建的耕地园地农药药迹容量模型可用于不同时空尺度耕地园地的农药药迹容量估算,结合农药药迹模型可评估农药使用的综合风险,具有普遍的适用性。In order to assess the pesticide trace capacity(PTC)and comprehensive health and environment risk from pesticide usage in planting land,a PTC model for planting land,Fptc=(Tam+18)×Pam×Has×Fst×Csom×10−9,was constructed by five key factors,including annual mean temperature,annual precipitation,annual sunshine hours,soil texture,and soil organic matter content.Those factors were chosen from many external factors according several principles,including the representativeness of factors,the universality of mechanism,the critical of link,the significance of effect,the standardization of observation methods,the systematicness of existed observation and the convenience of data acquisition.The PTC model for planting land with pre-established pesticide trace model was used to evaluate the pesticide trace capacity and the comprehensive risk of pesticide usage on family farm and regional scale.The results showed that Fptc(pesticide trace capacity factor)was 2.73-3.50 and Icpr(comprehensive pesticide risk index)was 0.56-1.77,which posed low-medium risk for the cultivated lands of four family farms in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in 2016-2017.In addition,Fptc was 0.6-1.7 and Icpr was 3.3-7.3,which posed medium-high risk for the planting lands in all branches in Heilongjiang reclamation area in 2017.Furthermore,Fptc was 1.9-3.8,and Icpr was 4.7-12.6 for the planting land in Zhejiang Province in 2017,indicating that all cities were medium-high risk while Jiaxing was high risk.This study showed that the PTC model can be widely used to estimate PTC of planting lands with different spatial and temporal scales.Combined with the pesticide trace model,it can also be used to estimate comprehensive risk from pesticide usage.

关 键 词：耕地 园地 农药 药迹容量 评估模型 综合风险 健康影响 环境危害 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程] TQ450.26[化学工程—农药化工]