科技人员强制转化闲置职务科技成果的地方立法不足及完善对策  

The Problems and Improvement of Local Legislation on Compulsory Transformation of Job-Related Scientific and Technical

作　　者：马波[1] 何迎春 Ma Bo;He Yingchun(Inner Mongolia University,Huhhot 010070,China;Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region State-Owned Assets Supervision and Management Information Service Center,Huhhot 010055,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古大学法学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010070 [2]内蒙古自治区国有资产监督管理信息服务中心,内蒙古呼和浩特010055

出　　处：《中国科技论坛》2020年第1期16-24,49,共10页Forum on Science and Technology in China

基　　金：国家科技创新战略研究专项“提升科技创新专利质量战略问题研究”(ZLY201738);北京市科技计划项目“现有促进科技成果转化重点政策制度性评估研究”(Z181100007218016);国家自然科学基金应急项目“面向2035的前沿新材料技术路线图研究”(L1824045);中国科学院战略研究与决策支持系统建设专项项目“科技法规相关研究”(GHJ-ZLZX-2019-32-3);国家科技部改革发展专项“科技成果所有权改革问题研究”(科技进步法修订2019年任务);内蒙古自治区科技厅软科学研究计划项目“《内蒙古自治区促进科技成果转化条例》的立法完善研究”(201605021)

摘　　要：基于鼓励科技人员参与职务科技成果转化的政策需求,针对科技人员强制转化高校和科研机构"在合理期限内没有实施"的职务科技成果,地方立法实践中形成了三种模式:强制许可模式、法定许可模式和介入权模式。从法律制度体系角度而言,三种模式欠缺合法性和体系性,对现有的科技政策和制度造成冲击。基于《进步法》第20条所规定的科技成果二元归属模式,未来地方立法应当通过赋予科技人员持有者身份和优先实施转化权,为科技人员转化职务科技成果提供外部制度支持。Based on the need of the policy for encouraging the scientific and technical personnel to participate in the transformation of their scientific and technological achievements,three modes,which are compulsory licensing mode,statutory licensing mode and march-in-right mode,have been formed in the practice of local legislation on the involuntary transformation of scientific and technological achievements which are not implemented within the reasonable period of both the institutes of higher education and the scientific research institutes.From the point of view of legal system,the three models lack legitimacy and systematization,which impinges on the existing science and technology policies and institutions.Based on the dual attribution model in Article 20 of Scientific and Technological Progress Law of the People′s Republic of China,local legislation in the future should provide external institutional support for scientific and technological personnel to convert scientific and technological achievements by granting them the status of holders and giving priority to the implementation of conversion rights.

关 键 词：科技人员 职务科技成果 转化 

分 类 号：DF523[政治法律—民商法学]