阿尔茨海默病和轻度认知障碍常用实验动物模型的初步评价  

Preliminary evaluation of common experimental animal models for Alzheimer’s disease and mild cognitive impairment

作　　者：于蕾 贺晓丽[1] YU Lei;HE Xiao-li(Institute of Medicinal Plant Development,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100193,China)

机构地区：[1]中国医学科学院北京协和医学院药用植物研究所

出　　处：《中国药理学通报》2020年第1期1-5,共5页Chinese Pharmacological Bulletin

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(No.81473586,81202192)

摘　　要：阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种典型的以进行性认知障碍和行为损害为特征的中枢神经退行性疾病,病理表现主要有细胞外淀粉样蛋白沉积、细胞内神经纤维缠结以及神经元丢失等。轻度认知障碍(MCI)是介于正常认知和AD之间的一种认知缺损状态,MCI具有转化为AD的高度危险性。以往大多通过建立具有临床AD特征的动物模型进行机制研究、药物筛选以及新药研发等,近年来,有研究者尝试建立具有临床MCI特征的动物模型,试图从MCI阶段进行早期干预,从而有效预防AD的发生。AD实验动物模型有多种类型,MCI研究模型应区别于AD模型。该文在对AD和MCI的特点进行较系统介绍的基础上,从模型建立的角度对常用AD和MCI实验动物模型进行了总结和初步评价,尝试为开展AD和MCI的研究提供建议。Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a typical central nervous degenerative disease characterized by progressive cognitive impairment and behavioral damage,which is associated with the major pathological manifestations of extracellular amyloid deposition,intracellular neurofibrillary tangles,and neuron loss.Mild cognitive impairment(MCI)is a kind of cognitive impairment status between normal cognition and AD,which is linked with a high risk of converting into AD.Previous studies mostly establish the animal models with clinical AD characteristics for mechanism research,drug screening,and new drug development.In recent years,researchers have attempted to establish animal models with clinical MCI characteristics,trying to intervene early at MCI stage to effectively prevent the occurrence of AD.There are many types of AD experimental animal models,and the MCI model should be distinguished from the AD model.Based on the systematic introduction of the characteristics of AD and MCI,this study aims to preliminarily evaluate the commonly used AD and MCI experimental animal models,providing suggestions for the research of AD and MCI.

关 键 词：阿尔茨海默病 轻度认知障碍 动物模型 造模方法 初步评价 诊断标准 

分 类 号：R332[医药卫生—人体生理学] R338[医药卫生—基础医学]