黄淮海花生田主要害虫减药控害增效技术与效果评价  

Improvement Technology and Control Effect Evaluation of Insecticides Reduction on Control of Main Pests in Peanut Field of Huang-huai-hai Region

作　　者：曲春娟 谢明惠[2] 薛明[3] 赵海朋[3] 梁景华 焦坤[1] 曲明静[1] QU Chun-juan;XIE Ming-hui;XUE Ming;ZHAO Hai-Peng;LIANG Jing-hua;JIAO Kun;QU Ming-jing(Shandong Peanut Research Institute,Qingdao 266100,China;Institute of Plant Protection,Anhui Academy of Agri.Sci.,Hefei 230031,China;College of Plant Protection,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai'an 271018,China;Zhangzhou Enjoy Agricultural Technology Co.LTD,Zhangzhou 363000,China)

机构地区：[1]山东省花生研究所,山东青岛266100 [2]安徽省农业科学院植物保护研究所,安徽合肥230031 [3]山东农业大学植物保护学院,山东泰安271018 [4]漳州市英格尔农业科技有限公司,福建漳州363000

出　　处：《花生学报》2019年第4期67-71,共5页Journal of Peanut Science

基　　金：国家重点研发计划(2018YFD0201000);山东省农科院创新工程(CXGC2016B11,CXGC2018E21);山东省农业科学院青年科研基金(2016YQN15);国家花生产业技术体系(CARS-13);国家自然科学基金(31401741)

摘　　要：花生是我国重要的经济和油料作物之一,黄淮海地区是我国重要的花生产区。本研究连续两年在田间开展了春花生和夏花生主要害虫分布调查与减药控害试验。结果表明:春花生和夏花生害虫均以蛴螬、蓟马、棉铃虫和花生蚜为主,其中花生蚜、蛴螬为害春花生重于夏花生。从防效来看,试验所采用的减药处理效果与常规用药差别不显著。通过采用特色地膜覆盖、性诱剂和食诱剂配施农药,春夏花生减药量为32.41%~44.33%,产量分别增加3.88%和4.07%;药剂成本分别增加1.18%和-4.55%,人工成本减少33.33%~40.00%;春夏花生总成本减少21.89%~28.15%,经济效益和生态效益优于常规管理。采用绿色防控技术进行害虫治理可以达到减药增效的目的。Peanut is one of the most important economic and oil crops in China,and the Huang-huai-hai region is the most important peanut production area in China.In this study,two years experiments were conducted to investigate the major pests distribution and evaluate the pesticide reduction application in spring and summer peanut field.The results showed that grubs,thrips,cotton bollworms and aphids were the main pests in both spring and summer peanut field.Furthermore,aphid and grubs were more harmful in the spring peanut filed than in the summer peanut field.According to the result of control effect,there is no significant difference between appropriate lower insecticide dose and commercial recommended dose.By using characteristic mulching film,sex pheromone inducer and food inducer in coordination with pesticide,the reducing percentage of pesticides used reached by 32.41%~44.33%,the yield increased by 3.88%and 4.07%,in the spring and summer peanut field respectively.Costs for use of sex pheromone and feed attractant increased by 1.18%in the spring peanut field and decreased by 4.55%in summer peanut field,labor costs reduced by 33.33%~40.00%,and the total cost decreased by 21.89%~28.15%,which resulted in better economic and ecological benefits than conventional management.Here we conclude that the green control technology for pest control can reduce the use of pesticides and improve the control efficacy in peanut field.

关 键 词：花生 害虫 减药 防效 

分 类 号：S435.652[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治] S481[农业科学—植物保护]