水肥施用对斑竹发笋及竹笋品质的影响  

Effects of Fertilizer and Water Application on Shooting and Shoot Quality of Phyllostachys bambusoides f. lacrima-deae

作　　者：苏浩然 Su Haoran(International Centre for Bamboo and Rattan,State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Science and Technology of Bamboo and Rattan,Beijing 100102,China)

机构地区：[1]国际竹藤中心竹藤科学与技术重点实验室

出　　处：《世界竹藤通讯》2019年第6期9-15,共7页World Bamboo and Rattan

基　　金：国际竹藤中心基本科研业务费专项资金(1632014012)

摘　　要：应用正交试验设计,研究了灌溉次数、施肥量和立竹密度对博爱县斑竹笋产量、竹笋品质和经济效益的影响。结果表明:影响斑竹发笋指标的各因素主次关系以施肥量为主导因子,其次是灌溉次数,立竹密度影响最小;不同因素对发笋指标影响程度不一样,施肥量对各指标影响均达到显著水平,灌溉次数对发笋数量影响显著,对鲜笋产量影响不显著,立竹密度影响均不显著;影响发笋数量和鲜笋产量的因素排列顺序为施肥量>灌溉次数>立竹密度;3个因素对提高斑竹笋蛋白质含量和降低灰分含量有促进作用,可提高斑竹笋品质。获得最多发笋数量、鲜笋产量的处理为立竹密度9 000~11 000株/hm^2、施肥量3 000 kg/hm^2、灌溉次数为6次/年;提高斑竹竹笋品质的最优水平组合为立竹密度9 000~11 000株/hm^2、施肥量2 250 kg/hm^2、灌溉次数为5次/年;获得最大经济效益的最优水平组合为立竹密度5 000~7 000株/hm^2、施肥量2 250 kg/hm^2、灌溉次数为6次/年。The effect of irrigation times, fertilizer amount and standing bamboo density on the shoot yield and quality, as well as economic benefit of Phyllostachys bambusoides f. lacrima-deae in Bo’ai County, Henan Province is studied using the orthogonal experimental design. The results show that among the three factors affecting shooting indexes of bamboo, the application of fertilizer amount is the dominant factor, followed by the times of irrigation and the density of standing bamboo. Different factors have different effects on shooting indexes, the application of fertilizer amount has a significant impact on all indexes, and the irrigation times only have a significant impact on the total number of shoots but little impact on the yield of fresh shoots, while the standing bamboo density has no significant impact on these indexes. The order of the factors that impact on the total number of shoots and the yield of fresh shoots are as follows: the fertilizer amount, the irrigation times and the standing bamboo density. All the three factors can promote the protein content and reduce the ash content of bamboo shoots, which can improve the quality of bamboo shoots. For the largest number of shoot and the best shoot quality is the combination of 9 000-11 000 culms/ha with the fertilization of 2 250 kg/ha and irrigation of five times/year. The optimal combination for the maximum economic benefit is the standing bamboo density of 5 000-7 000 culms/ha with the fertilization of 2 250 kg/ha and irrigation times of six times/year.

关 键 词：水肥施用 斑竹 发笋 竹笋品质 经济效益 河南博爱县 

分 类 号：S51[农业科学—作物学]