Cd胁迫下外源有机肥对土壤中Cd有效性和水稻糙米中Cd含量的影响  

Effects of External Organic Matter on Cd Availability in Soil and Cd Accumulation in Brown Rice Exposed to Excess Cd

作　　者：杨文弢 张佳 廖柏寒 YANG Wentao;ZHANG Jia;LIAO Baihan(College of Resource and Environmental Engineering,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China;College of Environmental Science and Engineering,Central South University of Forestry and Technology,Changsha 410004,China;Key Laboratory of Geological Resources and Environment,Ministry of Education,Guizhou University,Guiyang 550025,China)

机构地区：[1]贵州大学资源与环境工程学院,贵州贵阳550025 [2]中南林业科技大学环境科学与工程学院,湖南长沙410004 [3]贵州大学地质资源与环境教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《贵州大学学报（自然科学版）》2020年第1期105-111,共7页Journal of Guizhou University:Natural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金联合基金项目资助(U1612442);贵州省生态学一流学科建设项目资助(GNYL[2017]007);贵州省科技计划项目资助(黔科合平台人才[2018]5781号);贵州省人才基地项目资助(RCJD2018-21);贵州大学人才引进项目资助(贵大人基合字[2018]26号)

摘　　要：为研究1种廉价的常见有机肥(菜枯)对稻田土壤中Cd的有效性、水稻糙米中含量及稻谷产量的影响,在2种Cd污染土壤中施用了不同添加量(0,7.5,15,30 g/kg)的外源有机肥,并进行水稻盆栽种植试验。结果表明:①施用有机肥显著增加了土壤pH值和有机质含量。与对照相比,施用7.5~30 g/kg的有机肥,土壤pH值在水稻分蘖期、灌浆期和成熟期分别上升了0.40~0.68、0.55~0.65、0.56~0.52和0.15~0.33个单位,土壤有机质含量分别上升了8.3%~47.6%、6.2%~27.7%、12.0%~14.6%和4.8%~13.9%。②施用有机肥显著降低了土壤中TCLP提取态Cd含量。与对照相比,施用7.5~30 g/kg的有机肥使Cd低污染中TCLP提取态Cd含量在水稻分蘖期、灌浆期和成熟期分别下降了60.2%~77.3%、38.1%~56.4%、30.3%~39.9%和10.0%~38.6%,使Cd高污染土壤中TCLP提取态Cd含量,除灌浆期有机肥施用量7.5 g/kg略有上升之外,分别下降了34.2%~61.5%、12.1%~42.3%、3.0%~8.9%、39.3%~15.8%。③施用有机肥显著促进了水稻的生长和增加了水稻产量,与对照相比,施用7.5~30 g/kg的有机肥,使Cd低污染和高污染土壤中水稻稻谷生物量分别增加了14.9%~21.3%和8.0%~16.6%。④施用有机肥显著提高成熟期水稻糙米中Cd含量。施用7.5~30 g/kg的有机肥,2个Cd污染土壤中糙米中的Cd含量分别为0.05 mg/kg^0.13 mg/kg和0.20 mg/kg^2.24 mg/kg,与对照相比分别提高了17.4%~183.2%和5.3%~1067.7%。In order to study the effects of rapeseed dregs,a kind of low-priced organic manure,on Cd availability in soil,on Cd accumulation in brown rice,and on rice yield,rapeseed dregs were applied to two contaminated paddy soils with different Cd levels at ratios of(0,0.75%,1.5%,and 3%)and then rice plants(Xiangwanxian 12#)were cultivated in the soils through a pet experiment.The results indicat that:a)Application of rapeseed dregs significantly increased soil pH values and organic matter.Compared with the control soil,applying rapeseed dregs of 7.5~30 g/kg increased 0.40~0.68,0.55~0.65,0.56~0.52,and 0.15~0.33 units for soil pH values,and 8.3%~47.6%,6.2%~27.7%,12.0%~14.6%,and 4.8%~13.9%for soil organic matter,respectively,at different rice growth stages.b)Application of rapeseed dregs obviously reduced soil TCLP extractable Cd contents.Compared with the control soil,soil TCLP extractable Cd contents were decreased 60.2%~77.3%,38.1%~56.4%,30.3%~39.9%,and 10.0%~38.6%in low-level Cd soil,and decreased 34.2%~61.5%,12.1%~42.3%,3.0%~8.9%,and 39.3%~15.8%in high-level Cd soil,respectively,at different rice growth stages due to applying rapeseed dregs of 7.5~30 g/kg.c)Rapeseed dregs application also significantly promoted rice growth and increased rice biomass.Compared with the control rice plants,applying rapeseed dregs of 7.5~30 g/kg increased rice yield 14.9%~21.3%for low-level Cd soil and 8.0%~16.6%for high-level Cd soil,respectively.d)On the other hand,rapeseed dregs application increased Cd contents in brown rice significantly.Applying rapeseed dregs of 7.5~30 g/kg resulted in Cd contents in brown rice reaching 0.05~0.13 mg/kg for low-level Cd soil and 0.20~2.24 mg/kg for high-level Cd soil,respectively,showing rates of increase of 17.4%~183.2%and 5.3%~1067.7%compared with the control rice plants.

关 键 词：菜枯 稻田土壤 水稻产量 CD污染 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]