不同萃取剂对花生粕饼中重金属的去除效果  

Effect of different extractants on removal of heavy metals in peanut meal

作　　者：葛一陈 杨洋[1,2] 黎红亮 曾红远[1] 曾清如[1] GE Yichen;YANG Yang;LI Hongliang;ZENG Hongyuan;ZENG Qingru(College of Resources and Environment, Hunan Agricultural University;Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences)

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院 [2]中国科学院亚热带农业生态研究所

出　　处：《环境工程技术学报》2020年第1期112-117,共6页Journal of Environmental Engineering Technology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0800807)

摘　　要：比较了柠檬酸钾、酒石酸钾和盐酸萃取对花生粕饼中重金属的去除效果,并对萃取前后花生粕饼中营养元素和粗蛋白浓度的变化进行了研究。结果表明:随着萃取时间和萃取剂浓度的增加,花生粕饼中Pb、Zn、Cu和Cd的去除率也逐渐增加;采用0.50%和1.00%的盐酸萃取后,粕饼中的Cd浓度为0.42和0.34 mg/kg;3种萃取剂连续萃取3次后,Zn和Cu的去除率均有较大提升,30 mmol/L酒石酸钾第3次萃取和0.25%盐酸第2次萃取后粕饼中Cd浓度为0.36和0.21 mg/kg,均满足GB 13078—2017《饲料卫生标准》的要求;柠檬酸钾和酒石酸钾在去除重金属的同时,营养元素流失较小,低浓度的盐酸萃取使部分营养元素流失量大,对粗蛋白流失的影响小。综合考虑,低浓度的盐酸可作为花生粕饼中重金属的萃取剂。The effects of potassium citrate,potassium tartrate and hydrochloric acid on heavy metals removal from peanut meals were compared,and the variation of nutrient elements and crude protein concentrations before and after extraction were studied.The results showed that the removal rate of Pb,Zn,Cu and Cd in peanut meals gradually increased with the increase of extraction time and concentrations of extractants.The remaining Cd content in the meal under the extraction via 0.50%and 1.00%hydrochloric acid were only 0.42 mg/kg and 0.34 mg/kg,respectively.After three successive extractions with the three kinds of extractants,the removal rate of Zn and Cu was greatly improved.The residual Cd concentrations in the meal with the third extraction of 30 mmol/L potassium tartrate and the second extraction of 0.25%hydrochloric acid were 0.36 and 0.21 mg/kg,respectively,both meeting with the requirements of Hygienical standard for feeds(GB 13078-2017).It was noticeable that potassium citrate and potassium tartrate could remove heavy metals with less losing of nutrient elements.Low-concentration hydrochloric acid could extract a large amount of nutrient elements and they all had little effect on crude protein.According to the comprehensive consideration,the low-concentration hydrochloric acid was more appropriate to peanut meal heavy metal extraction.

关 键 词：花生粕饼 柠檬酸钾 酒石酸钾 盐酸 重金属 去除率 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]