基于增能赋权视角的农户贫困脆弱性缓解研究——以太行山连片特困地区为例  

The Alleviation of Household-level Poverty Vulnerability Through Ability Enhancement and Empowerment: A Case Study of Taihang Mountain Contiguous Poverty-stricken Areas

作　　者：高帅[1,2] 史婵 唐建军 Gao Shuai;Shi Chan;Tang Jianjun

机构地区：[1]山西大学经济与管理学院 [2]山西绿色发展研究中心 [3]中国人民大学农业与农村发展学院

出　　处：《中国农村观察》2020年第1期61-75,共15页China Rural Survey

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目“太行山区农村人口多维贫困动态测度与精准扶贫成效评估研究”（17CJY035）资助

摘　　要：脱贫攻坚已经到了决战决胜时期,脆弱脱贫户和边缘户能否实现稳定脱贫和可持续发展需仔细审视。因能力匮乏、权利缺失导致农户贫困脆弱性不容忽视,增能赋权成为缓解贫困脆弱性的关键路径,赋权是增能的先决条件,增能是赋权的物化体现。本文基于2018年太行山连片特困地区实地入户调研数据,从增能赋权视角出发,探讨农户贫困脆弱性缓解及可持续生计形成,并运用工具变量法对模型可能存在的内生性进行修正,基于贫困村和非贫困村资源禀赋差异、贫困户和非贫困户群体差异进行分组回归分析。结果发现:(1)增能赋权均对缓解农户贫困脆弱性产生积极影响,增能赋权是缓解贫困脆弱性和形成可持续生计的关键桥梁;(2)增能不足可能导致非贫困村陷入“新相对贫困”的尴尬处境,赋权不足可能导致非贫困村滋生“灯下黑”现象;(3)赋权对缓解贫困户贫困脆弱性效果更明显,生产权利和就业权利赋权将缩小贫困户和非贫困户之间的差距。Poverty alleviation has reached a critical stage.Whether the vulnerable and marginal households can achieve stable poverty alleviation and sustainable development needs to be carefully examined.Due to a lack of capacity and rights,the vulnerability of rural households to poverty cannot be ignored,making ability enhancement and empowerment crucial paths to achieve sustainable poverty alleviation.Empowerment is a prerequisite of ability enhancement,whereas ability enhancement is a reflection of empowerment.Based on household-level survey data collected in Taihang Mountain contiguous poverty-stricken areas,this study investigates the alleviation of poverty vulnerability and the formation of sustained livelihood from the perspective of ability enhancement and empowerment.An instrumental variable approach is applied to address the potential endogeneity problem,and a sub-group regression analysis is utilized to account for the discrepancy in endowment between poor and non-poor villages or households,respectively.The results show that,firstly,both ability enhancement and empowerment have positive impacts on the alleviation of poverty vulnerability and the formation of sustainable livelihood.Secondly,insufficient capacity may cause non-poor villages to face a"new relative poverty"dilemma whereas insufficient empowerment may lead to the phenomenon of"shadow under the lamp"in non-poor villages.Thirdly,empowerment is more effective in alleviating the vulnerability of poverty-stricken households,and empowerment of production rights and employment rights can reduce the discrepancy between poor and non-poor households.

关 键 词：增能赋权 贫困脆弱性 可持续生计 脱贫攻坚 连片特困地区 

分 类 号：F328[经济管理—产业经济]